DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND PREDICTION MODELS OF COMPOSITION BIOMASS PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS IN SEMI-BATCH SLOW PYROLYZER

• Main Author: Hernowo, Pandit
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/62038
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Pyrolysis is a thermal technology to convert lignocellulosic biomass into char, bio-crude oil (BCO), and bio pyrolysis gas (BPG) without the presence of oxygen. The three global products represent the pyrolysis treatment of lignocellulosic biomass approached through a solid-state global kinetic equation model. The solid-state method applies a process of releasing vapors modeled through an approach of the char degradation or mass loss of biomass during the pyrolysis process. The liquid product of BCO is a mixture of several oxygenate compounds, while the gaseous BPG is a mixture of some light gases; both were complex. Several researchers have used a solid-state base global kinetic equation model to explain the process of releasing the vaporized material for each component of the vaporized material but have not yet obtained satisfactory results. The novelties generated in this study are one package modeling development of volatile state prediction, which are three new equations for the volatile state. First equation is the modifying of the volatile enhancement ratio prediction model (VE) for oil palm shells. The second equation is modifying the Kissinger–Akahira– Sunose (KAS) method to become the volatile state. And the third equation as the main of this study is the mass fraction prediction model. This study aimed to test the performance of BCO and BPG production by modeling the proposed mathematical equations. The equation is generated to calculate the mass fraction component (yi) and yield of each biomass pyrolysis product as temperature, heating rate, biomass number, activation energy, and pre-exponential constant. Experiments in a semi-batch slow pyrolyzer called analysis equipment for the thermal gravimetric pyrolysis process (APP-GT). To validate the modeling on a laboratory scale and a single vertical tube production furnace was applied for the demonstration scale. The results of the pyrolysis of oil palm shells showed the characterization of BCO products at a temperature of 500 o C as follows: acetic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, stearic acid, phenol, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and water. Meanwhile, characterization of BPG showed that at a temperature of 500 o C: Methane, carbon dioxide, acetylene+ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, ibutane, n-butane, i-pentane, n-pentane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide. iv The modeling results show that the proposed prediction model is proven predict similar to the experimental data. The process of releasing volatile materials formulated by the yield volatile release (YVY) prediction model as the sum of the yield components of BCO and BPG products has proven to be close to experimental results. The yield volatile release (YVY) prediction model adapted to the global kinetic model based on the solid-state modified into the vapor state to determine the global kinetic parameters. The significant increase of the BCO and BPG at the devolatilization zone was approached by predicting the volatile enhancement ratio (VE) as a polynomial function of the ratio of pyrolysis temperature to standard temperature. The yield volatile release, YVY prediction model equation reveals how the BCO and BPG product components formed are derived more specifically into the mass fraction prediction of the components (yi) and the global pre-exponential. The prediction of mass fraction provides more detailed information on the effect of pyrolysis temperature on each component's formation. The prediction of the mass fraction component of the BCO product gives the pseudo-reaction activation energy value for each component in the form of a polynomial quadratic equation of the temperature function. The modeling results continued to calculate the performance of the equation model for demonstration upscale BCO production in a standing furnace single tube. The results showed the ratio of empty fruit bunch (EFB) as raw material, and fuel was 1:6 for 300 o C, 1:8 for 350 o C, 1:10 for 400 o C, 1:12 for 450 o C, 1:14 for 500 o C. The degradation of EFB biomass in the furnace dominantly controlled with the kinetics showed the temperature increasing less than 450 o C alongside the increase of volatile product. At higher temperatures, the EFB degradation occurs slowly controlled with the conduction heat transfer in the pyrolyzer. Developing a package model for predicting the equation of state of the volatile matter provides time efficiency in selecting more precise biomass to produce chemicals from biomass using the semi-batch slow pyrolyzer technique. With the potential for volatile matter known from the prediction model through the polynomial equation Ea, the temperature function thus can be used to predict the optimal mass fraction of particular components. The vapor-base kinetic model also can be used as a basis for reactor design in various capacities up to an industrial scale.