DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI-ACTOR MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS BY INTEGRATING STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT IN DETERMINING TRANSPORTATION POLICY IN THE NATURAL AND CULTURAL TOURISM PROTECTED AREA, DIENG, CENTRAL JAVA

• Main Author: Hari Setiawan, Titus
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/62055
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Transportation is one of the factors that have a strong relationship with tourism. Transportation serves as a tool to organize and distribute tourists with interesting travel experiences in a tourist area. However, tourism development often does not involve transportation planning. The problem becomes more complex with many stakeholders at different levels supporting or rejecting the policy. Policies that are decided are often delayed or cannot be implemented because they do not get support from several stakeholders even though the criteria have been met. In the research using the multi-actor multi-criteria analysis decision-making method that has been carried out so far, it has not been able to accommodate the differences in the support of the various levels of stakeholders. As a result, transportation problems in tourist areas that require policy intervention are not handled and become increasingly complex, such as congestion in tourist areas, air pollution, environmental damage and the impact on the sustainability of the tourism destination. This study presents a transportation policy decision-making model that supports mobility in a sustainable natural-cultural protected tourism area. Transportation as support for movement due to activities in space and time must address all the goals of different stakeholders. Transportation must be able to accommodate all stakeholder criteria in the decision-making process. However, even though the criteria for all stakeholders have been accommodated, there are still failures in implementing the decisions taken because they do not get support from all stakeholders. This study develops a multi-actor multi-criteria analysis by adding the weight of stakeholder involvement as a factor in sustainable decision making, which is a form of support between stakeholders in making joint decisions. Multiactor multi-criteria analysis has been widely used in transportation projects. The assessment uses the weight of the criteria elaborated by each stakeholder, with the weight of the criteria for each stakeholder being the same. This study develops the different weights of involvement of each stakeholder through a participatory assessment of stakeholders in the region. The weight of stakeholder involvement is an assessment between peering stakeholders regarding their involvement in the decision-making of a policy, in this case, transportation policy.viii Based on the results of the assessment of criteria from the existing literature that reflect the objectives of the stakeholders, thirteen criteria were selected, with the highest weighted value being Comprehensive planning, followed by transportation safety and security, integrated transportation systems, visit management, varied transportation systems, accessibility, supporting local businesses, low impact transportation systems, transportation that supports cultural activities, visiting experiences, operational efficiency of transportation systems, transportation systems that protect cultural assets. The twenty stakeholders selected to be involved in the assessment of transportation policies in natural-cultural tourism areas in order from the highest stakeholder weight to the lowest are as follows: Central Java Transportation Service followed, Central Java BAPPEDA, Central Java Disporapar, Banjarnegara Transportation Service, Department of Transportation Wonosobo Transportation, Wonosobo Tourism and Culture Office, Banjarnegara Tourism and Culture Office, Wonosobo Organda, Banjarnegara Organda, Wonosobo Bappeda, Central Java BPCB, Banjarnegara Research and Development Agency, Central Java Organda, Dieng Kulon Pokdarwis, Central Java BKSDA, Pandhawa Pokdarwis, Homestay Association, ASITA, IPI and ASPPI. Comprehensive planning as the highest criterion was chosen by seventeen stakeholders from twenty stakeholders involved. This shows the awareness of stakeholders of the importance of comprehensive planning to create a protected area for sustainable natural and cultural tourism. The implication is that to develop a sustainable natural and cultural tourism protected area requires the participation of all stakeholders involved in comprehensive planning. Multi-actor multi-criteria analysis by adding the weight of stakeholder involvement results in an assessment of the policy scenario for each stakeholder having a lower standard deviation. This shows that stakeholder support in the form of stakeholder involvement weights contributes to this decision making. Research shows that the development of multi- actor multi-criteria analysis with the weight of the criteria and the weight of stakeholder involvement gives different results. The weight of the criteria contributes to sustainable mobility both in terms of sustainable transportation and sustainable tourism destinations, while the weight of stakeholders contributes to the sustainability of decision making. Based on the results of this study, the advice given is that in making a decision on a policy it is necessary to involve all relevant stakeholders although this makes the decision-making process longer. Decisionmakers need to give more roles to stakeholders who have a high involvement weight. Finally, integrating the weights of stakeholder involvement in a multi-actor multi-criteria analysis shows a comprehensive assessment. Stakeholders understand that there are other stakeholders involved who have criteria and potential support for the decisions taken so that it has implications for the sustainability of the decisions taken.