KUTTAB AL FATIH ISLAMIC SCHOOL DESIGN BASED ON ISLAMIC PERMACULTURE

• Main Author: Kurniawati, Ike
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Arsitektur
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/62762
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Food security is one of the global issues that requires various approaches to find the best solution. There are several factors that can cause food vulnerability in Indonesia, which are the decreasing number of agricultural lands in every year, the low number of young farmers as the next generation in agricultural activities, uneven food distribution, and the prevalence of agricultural practices that are not environmentally friendly. The food issue is also one of the targets in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Agenda. Architecture has the potential to contribute in responding to these problems, which area minimizing built-up land for agricultural land, providing attractive educational facilities for the younger generation regarding sustainable agriculture, and implement SDG strategies at points related to food. Permaculture can be a relevant approach, because permaculture focuses on creating a productive ecosystem environment in a sustainable manner, such as providing user’s food needs by imitating natural patterns, and working with nature rather than against it, minimizing off-site inputs, low energy, low maintenance, and produce a closed system without waste. This permaculture approach has the potential to be implemented in designing Kuttab Al Fatih Islamic school (KAF), because KAF is in a conventional agricultural area. In addition, the strong Islamic values that form the basis of KAF can be strongly integrated with permaculture, because there are similarities between Islamic values and permaculture principles. Therefore, this study aims to design KAF Islamic school that is integrated with permaculture. This research was conducted with qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method is carried out by studying various sources to find out the criteria needed in the design, strategies on similar projects that can be applied to the design, and studying the problems and solutions done by permaculture practitioners in implementing permaculture. Then, conduct surveys and interviews to study location for determining site’s physical and non-physical conditions. This research also collects secondary data from various sources to determine the conditions and context of the study location on a wider scale, which can affect the design of KAF. Meanwhile, the quantitative method is carried out by calculating the food needs that can be provided in the design of KAF. Based on the results of the literature review, it is concluded that food security can be achieved by ensuring every individual can easily access healthy food, by considering aspects of environmental sustainability, as well as values, morals, or culture adopted by the local community. This condition can be achieved by implementing permaculture, which is based on permaculture ethics and principles, and by referring to the SDG targets. Besides, it was found that kuttab is originating from the Middle East, and equivalent to elementary school level. Then, there is a strong issue found in the study location, namely the strong Islamic values, which are the basis of educational activities at KAF, as the kuttab education curriculum is based on the Al Qur’an and Hadith. So, it is necessary to pay attention to Islamic values in the design. There are Islamic values that can be integrated with permaculture, but there are also prohibitions in Islam that need to be considered in the design. Therefore, the proposed design concept is Islamic permaculture. The design vision is to design KAF that is integrated with permaculture, with Islamic values as the basis, to realize sustainable food security at community scale. Based on the proposed concept above, the main design issues are integrating permaculture principles with Islamic values. These issues are environmentally friendly (in terms of material use, energy use and waste management), adaptive and productive, low maintenance and low input from outside the site, and designs containing messages of tauhid. These issues are addressed both at site and building scale. The buildings that are facilitated on the site consist of the main buildings and supporting buildings. The main buildings are based on the elements that are prioritized in KAF, which are the management building and teacher's room, mosque, and classroom building. Then, there are supporting buildings to facilitate the needs of the Akademi Guru institution, which also exist on the site and has the same foundation as KAF. The Akademi Guru focuses on producing teachers who will be assigned to KAF. The supporting buildings are the Akademi Guru’s management office, ikhwan (male) dormitory, and musyrif's house (teacher). There is also an Al-Fatih shop that provides user needs on site and can be used to sell excess garden yield from the site. Other complementary facilities are provided also based on the results of user analysis and their activities on the site. In the KAF design, the total built up area on the site is 15%, while the remaining 85% is green open space, which is used as agricultural land. Based on these conditions, 60% of the user's food needs can be supplied within the site, with 56% of food coming from agricultural land and 4% from buildings. From the results of these designs, it can be concluded that permaculture can also be implemented into the architectural design of buildings, not only in landscape design which is commonly practiced. The implementation can be done by applying the principles of permaculture into the architectural design of the building. Then, the limited land to meet the user's food needs, can be increased by utilizing the existing spaces in the building as a place to grow various food plants, such as in the roof area, balcony, terrace, wall, and railing. Therefore, architecture can also contribute to realizing sustainable food security at community scale