FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VITAMIN B3 (NIACINAMIDE) NIOSOME GEL WITH IN VIVO IRRITATION TEST

• Main Author: STEVEN
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/62888
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Vitamin B3 (niacinamide) is a vitamin used as a skin depigmentation agent through an inhibitory mechanism of melanosome transfer. Vitamin B3, as hydrophilic molecules have limitations to penetrating stratum corneum as the barrier of human skin. Therefore, a system is required to increase the penetration ability of vitamin B3 through the stratum corneum, namely in the form of niosome. This research aims to formulate vitamin B3 into niosomal gel, characterize and test for safety through an in vivo irritation test. Niosome was prepared by thin layer hydration method with various non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, dicetyl phosphate, and vitamin B3. The optimal formula was determined by its entrapment efficiency, particle size, and polydispersity index. Furthermore, the optimal formula was observed morphologically with a transmission electron microscope, tested for zeta potential and stability. Vitamin B3 niosome was then formulated into gel with Viscolam as gel base. The gel was tested for its stability, diffusion, and irritation. The results showed that the best formula, was composed of 100 µmol of Span 60, 25 µmol of cholesterol, 10 µmol of dicetyl phosphate, and 2% of vitamin B3 in 10 ml niosome had entrapment efficiency of 84.52% ± 0.07, particle size of 245.1 nm ± 2.93, and polydispersity index of 0.331 ± 0.01. Niosome was spherical with the zeta potential of -32,06. The stability test showed that niosome was stable during storage at room temperature and 40 0 C. Vitamin B3 niosome and vitamin B3 was formulated with 8% Viscolam as gel base. The gel stability test showed that niosomal vitamin B3 gel and vitamin B3 gel had organoleptic, viscosity, pH, and concentration that did not change significantly during storage at room temperature and 40'C for 28 days. The diffusion test showed that niosomal vitamin B3 gel can diffused 3 times better than vitamin B3 gel, 64.48%±6.78 and 22.24%±3.53 for 8 hours, respectively. The irritation test showed that the niosomal vitamin B3 gel did not irritate the rabbit's skin and eyes (non-irritant).