HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL AND SILICA IN PM2.5 FOR COMMUNITY AROUND INDUSTRIAL AREA IN CILEGON

• Main Author: Mulyani, Tri
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/63213
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Ambient air pollution in industrial area increases exposure to particulate. PM2.5 contains heavy metals, which can penetrate into respiratory tract and cause health problems. Health risks assessment (HRA) is conducted to estimate health effects and assist government to make environmental policies. Measurements of PM2.5 was carried out at three sampling site such as Tegal Ratu (TR), Kubang Sari (KB) and Kepuh (KP) Sub-disctrict for 7 days (24 hours) respectively. Sampling of PM2.5 used Low Volume Air Sampler (LVAS) with 43 mm diameter of PTFE membrane filter. While, community data for HRA calculation were collected through a questionnaire. Heavy metals in PM2.5 were identified and characterized using ED XRF. HRA focuses on heavy metals such as Mn, Cr, Si, Pb, As, Ni, Fe and Zn. Health Risk was calculated by considering effects of non-carcinogenic (HI>1) and carcinogenic risk (ECR>10-6) in adult and children groups. PM2.5 concentrations in KP exceeded the ambient air quality level based on PP No. 22 Year 2021 (55?g/m3). According to Ontario Ministry of the Environment Ambient Air Quality Criteria (OAQC), concentration of Mn, Cr, Si, Pb, As, Ni, Fe dan Zn were below the maximum average daily concentration. HRA for PM2.5 (Total) non-carcinogenic effect showed that HI >1 where risk for KP>KB. While, HRA for Mn, Cr, Si, Pb, As, Ni, Fe dan Zn showed HI>1 for all groups and sampling except adult group in KP. HRA for carcinogenic effect for Cr, Pb, As, and Ni showed ECR>10-6 for both group. Annual health risk estimation showed that adult and children groups in all sampling were at unsafe risk (unacceptable). Strategy of controlling health risk related to air pollution can be conducted by limiting the duration of exposure and determining safe concentrations for the surrounding community.