STRUCTURE & CAUSES : CIRCULATION OF ILLEGAL PSYCHOACTIVE MEDICINES IN INDONESIAN

• Main Author: Luqman Hakim, Imam
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/63559
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Medicines abuse in Indonesia is still in a worrisome condition. Based on the 2018 Indonesian National Narcotics Board research, among students, the prevalence of medicines abuse for dizziness reached 15%, tramadol 4.8%, higher than narcotics such as amphetamine/shabu (shabu), which was on a scale of 3.0%. In terms of law enforcement, violations in the field of medicines by the Indonesian FDA have increased for three consecutive years (2018-2020), namely: 48, 80, 90 cases, wherein 2020, cases in the pharmaceutical sector were violated the most. compared to other commodities supervised by The Indonesian. The medicines abused in this case are not narcotics but are prescription medicines with substances that are still needed in the medical purposed. There are three main groups of medicines that are susceptible to abuse, the first is the psychotropic group (based on Law Number 5 of 1997), the second is the group of controlled substances (based on the Indonesian FDA number 7 of 2016), and the precursor group (Government Regulation number 44 of 2010). All of these medicines have a psychoactive effect, namely medicines that have activity on the central nervous system and can cause changes in the characteristics of mental activity and behavior, mainly when used outside the doses recommended by doctors. The long chain of medicines distribution from raw materials to ready-to-use products, stable medicines demand with promising financial benefits, regulatory loopholes exploited by criminals, and the many roles involved with various powers and interests, have made the problem of circulating illegal psychoactive medicines even more complex. Requires a dynamic, holistic approach that recognizes complex relationships in directing perspectives and ways of thinking to unravel the structure of causal relationships and find appropriate solutions to problems. This study aims to understand the process, structure, and determinants of the circulation of illegal psychoactive medicines vulnerable to abuse in Indonesia with a dynamic systems approach. The data were obtained from an exploratory study which included literature studies, field observations, and in-depth interviews. Rich picture diagrams and causal loop diagrams were made among the determinants of illegal psychoactive medicines trafficking vulnerable to abuse. Furthermore, an interpretation of the complexity of the structure formed is carried out. The results showed six categories, 48 factors, and nine loops that determine the circulation of illegal psychoactive medicines vulnerable to abuse in Indonesia. Factors in the category of “technology advancement” and "illegal supporting resources" become a priority proposal for intervention considering their influence in forming the most loops. While the "cyber patrol" factor and the firmness of giving "administrative sanctions" are factors that should not be underestimated by the Indonesian FDA, considering that this factor requires relatively light efforts with the control of the authority in the hands of the Indonesian FDA itself, but has an impact in preventing the loop of illegal psychoactive medicines circulation online. And diversion prevention loops. Furthermore, this research proposal can also contribute to knowledge about the complex structure and main determinants of illegal psychoactive medicines trafficking vulnerable to abuse in Indonesia and support efforts to eradicate illegal psychoactive medicines crimes.