ANALYSIS THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS IN CLEAN/DRINKING WATER ON THE RISK OF OROFACIAL CLEFTS IN BANDUNG REGENCY

• Main Author: Nadira Thaher, Yutika
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/64121
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Orofacial Cleft (OFC), also known as cleft lip and/or palate is the most common birth defect in the world. OFC includes the second highest birth defect in Indonesia and Bandung Regency has the second highest prevalence in West Java. Bandung Regency community generally use shallow groundwater which is easily contaminated from the surrounding anthropogenic activities, including heavy metals. Heavy metal exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy has the potential to increase the risk of OFC in the offspring. This research aims to determine the concentration of heavy metals in clean/drinking water sources, determine water quality using the Pollution Index method, and to analyze the correlation and the effect on the risk of OFC occurrence in Bandung Regency. The method used is by sampling clean/drinking water with grab sample method in Bandung Regency, with a total of 48 clean/drinking water samples from 15 sub-districts. Determination of the location of the sub-district based in the number of cases of orofacial cleft that occurred in Bandung Regency. The measurement of heavy metals refers to SNI 6989-82:2018 regarding Metal Test Methods using ICPOES. Spearman's Rank analysis (bivariate) and multiple linear regression analysis (multivariate) are used in this research. The results of this research showed that there are several water samples that exceed Hg, Pb, and Cd quality standard by 8 water samples, 38 water samples, and 1 water sample respectively. In addition, there is a correlation between the concentration of mercury in the source of clean/drinking water and the concentration of mercury in the OFC infant’s blood, but unable to determine the risk of OFC incident statistically. There is no significant effect between metal concentration in well water (X1) and refill water (X2) on metal concentrations in OFC infant’s blood (Y) simultaneously and partially. These results cannot determine the assosiation to the risk of OFC incident statistically. OFC has a multifactorial etiology, it is possible that other environmental factors have a greater correlation and effect on the risk of OFC occurrence.