ARCHITECTURE INCULTURATION PATTERN AT CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT CHURCHES IN BALI AND CENTRAL JAVA

• Main Author: Priaji Martana, Salmon
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Arsitektur
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/64234
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Inculturation is a process of cross-cultural encounter producing a new culture that carries the characteristics of the culture of origin. One of them is a meeting between Christianity brought by the western nations with the local culture that gave birth to a pattern of different inculturation, includes the architecture in it. The purpose of this research is to map the patterns of architectural inculturation at Catholic and Protestant churches, as well as the pathways in which inculturation occurs and specific circumstances in which inculturation can grow. Selected location in Bali and Central Java was choosed to observe the process. The study was conducted through three stages. First is the collection of secondary information to study the history and various aspects of inculturation. The activities of library research and interviews provide input for the whole process. During this initial stage is a short visit to the field to dig up the initial information and determine the objects of study, to get a picture of the object and the community to be studied. The location is set on the island of Bali, Solo, Karanganyar, Klaten and Sragen in Central Java. The next step is the field research, implemented with limited participation observation method. Along with this, the analysis began to be built. The information in the form of text and image data are collected, and structured. Public perception is gathered via interviews. The last step is the completion and preparation of reports. The result is a picture of the inculturation process from several regions with different local identities, its special features, the paths, along with the agents involved. This dissertation research shows that inculturation of church architecture had occurred long before standardized and encouraged through formal decisions. Inculturation occurs through the efforts of the actors in the field, in this case the congregation as a source of concepts, the theologians who created the theological concepts as well as architects and building experts who contributed technical ideas. New ideas built since the baseline phase of inculturation, evolve through a maturation period until finally materialized in the form of church building and the environment. In the continuing transformation, the congregation took the local art and put it into the liturgy to enrich the diversity of church life. Church inculturation pattern can be distinguished on the basis of its level, from lowest to highest; adaptation, acculturation, assimilation and transformation in accordance with the theory put forward by Crollius (1984). Each level has distinct characteristics. This study reinforces Crollius’ inculturation theory, as well as to improve it. Inculturation according to Crollius run linearly, instead, the findings in the field implies the existence of “leaping” due to the progressive nature of the actor. In the end, this research are expected to contribute to the discourse of architecture inculturation, as well as to the church in social life.