CATALYTIC OZONATION TECHNOLOGY FOR PHENOL REMOVAL IN WASTEWATER USING ZSM-5 NANO ZEOLITES AS CATALYSTS

Phenol (C6H5OH) is aromatic compound that can be found in several industrial wastewaters, such as the petroleum industry, coal processing, coke making, petrochemical, paper industry, etc. Phenol can act as a pollutant even at low concentrations in water and cause serious health problems for human...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Setyani Putrie, Amellia
Format: Theses
Language:Indonesia
Subjects:
Online Access:https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/64252
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Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung
Language: Indonesia
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Summary:Phenol (C6H5OH) is aromatic compound that can be found in several industrial wastewaters, such as the petroleum industry, coal processing, coke making, petrochemical, paper industry, etc. Phenol can act as a pollutant even at low concentrations in water and cause serious health problems for humans, animals, and aquatic life. Therefore, it is necessary to treat wastewater containing phenol before being discharged into the environment. In Indonesia, the limit of phenol content in wastewater that is allowed to be directly discharged into the environment is 7 mg/L. Ozonation is one of the technologies used for phenol treatment in wastewater. Ozone has been widely used to remove organic pollutants such as phenol, sulfide, and nitrate because of its high oxidizing ability. However, the single ozonation process has several disadvantages, including the slow oxidation process, producing toxic intermediates, and the low solubility of ozone in water resulting in a high dose of ozone required. The addition of a catalyst in the ozonation reactor can increase selectivity, reduce ozone consumption, and increase the reaction rate with contaminants, this process is known as catalytic ozonation. Zeolite with high silica content has been used as a catalyst in the catalytic ozonation process to degrade various organic and inorganic compounds including phenol. ZSM-5 zeolite, modernite, USY, beta, and de-aluminated Y are several types of zeolites that have been used as a catalyst in the catalytic ozonation process to remove phenolic contaminants in water. In the use of zeolite, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, ratio of silica to alumina (SiO2/Al2O3), surface area, and pore size of zeolite need to be considered. The general objective of this study is to determine the optimum efficiency of phenol degradation from wastewater using catalytic ozonation technology with a zeolitebased catalyst. Zeolite ZSM-5 was selected as the catalyst used in this study. The specific objectives of this study are (i) Synthesis of ZSM-5 nano zeolite using a tubular reactor in an oil bath with a batch system. The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of clinoptilolite natural zeolite, H-Y zeolite, commercial H-ZSM-5 zeolite and synthetic ZSM-5 nano zeolite using XRD, XRF, and SEM. ZSM-5 nano zeolite catalyst activity test was compared with natural zeolite and commercial zeolite using catalytic ozonation technology to degrade phenol from wastewater. The synthesis method using a tubular reactor in an oil bath with a batch system has been proven producible to synthesis ZSM-5 nano zeolite and the products have 86- 96nm in size range. The particle size and crystallite size of zeolite increased with increasing synthesis time and temperature. The SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of the synthesized zeolite is about 50% compared to the precursors. The optimum phenol degradation rate constant of 0.111 min-1 was achieved by using catalytic ozonation technology with ASP-5-210 (ZSM-5 nano zeolite catalyst was synthesized for 5 hours at 210°C The percentage of phenol degradation of 95.63% can be achieved during 30 minutes at atmospheric pressure (P), temperature (T) = 30ºC, pH = 9, phenol concentration 200 mg/L, oxygen flow rate 1 L/min, and 0.5 g catalyst. The phenol degradation efficiency is influenced by: (i) the crystal structure of the zeolite, especially the pore openings that match the size of the phenol, (ii) the crystallite size and small particle size also increases the surface area of the zeolite to adsorb ozone and phenol, (iii) the high ratio of SiO2 /Al2O3 so that the hydrophilic nature of the zeolite is greatly reduced and become more selective for phenols. Phenol degradation increases with increasing SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, clinoptilolite zeolite exclude. Since it has the low SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, however its degradation ability is high, this is influenced by Lewis acid strength and small crystallite size.