AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA DART BUM ANDAMAN (ZANTHOXYLUM ACANTHOPODIUM DC) DAN BUNGA KECOMBRANG (ETLINGERA ELATIOR (JACK) R.M. SM.)

• Main Author: Christy, Albert
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/64756
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Background anti Objectives The use of antibiotics in Indonesia today is still need to be concerned. People often do not follow an appropriate dosage regimen. This leads to the risk of increasing microbial resistance_ Natural products have become alternative to treat various diseases. Secondary metabolite of medicinal plants is the key to medical treatment using traditional medicine. Antimicrobial compounds from natural materials have the potential to be developed into an alternative candidate of new antimicrobial compounds. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) and kecombrang (Ellingera elatior (Jack) RM Sm.) are empirically proven to preserve traditional food in North Sumatra, so was thought to have potential as antimicrobial. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of andaliman fruit (Z acanthopodium) and kecombrang flower (E. elatior) against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and to determine the active compound using microdilution and bioautography method. Method Essential oils of andaliman fruit and kecombrang flower were extracted by steam distillation. The distillation residue dried and extracted by maceration with ethanol for 24 hours . Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and essential oils were tested by microdilution method using Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) at 96 - microwell plates-round¬bottomed plates against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8939), and Pseudomonm aeruginosa (ATCC 9021). Tests of ethanol extract carried out at a concentration of 0,5 ag up to 10,000 ug/mL and samples of essential oils at 0,5 lig to 8.192 pg/mL. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the smallest concentration where no bacterial cell precipitate formed on the base of microwell. Results MIC of andaliman fruit ethanol extract on tested bacteria were as follows: B. subtilis (10.000 pg/mL), E coli (5.000 ug/mL), S. aureus (5.000 pg/mL), and P. aeruginosa (5.000 pg/mL). While MIC results of andaliman fruit essential oils on tested bacteria were as follows: B. subtilis (8.192 pg/mL), E. coli (8.192 pginth), S. aureus (8.192 ug/mL) and P. aeruginosa (>8.192 ug/m1). MIC of kecombrang flower ethanol extract on tested bacteria were as follows: B. subtilis (>10.000 pg/m1), E. coli (5.000 ug/mL), S. aureus (5.000 pg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (>10.000 agim1). While the MIC of kecombrang flower essential oils on tested bacteria were as follows: B. =Mils (1.024 pg/mL), E. coil (2.048 ggInth), S. aureus (2.048 pg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (>8.192 ggim1). Bioautography and visualization using specific spray reagent showed flavonoid as antibacterial active compound of andaliman fruit and kecombrang flower ethanol extract. Some components of andaliman fruit and kecombrang flower essential oils showed inhibition zone on bioautography test. Conclusion. Ethanol extract and essential oils from kecombrang flower and andaliman fruit have antibacterial effect against Gram positive and Gram negative, but with a fairly high MIC of >5.000 pg I ml. Andaliman extract has a fairly low MIC but still greater than 1.000 ag / ml. Active antibacterial compound from andaliman fruit and kecombrang flower extract were suspected to be flavonoids, while the active compound of essential oil were suspected to be monoterpenoids.