UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA ROSELLA (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.) DAN BUAH STROBERI (FRAGARIA X ANANASSA) TERHADAP BAKTERI DAN FUNGI ORAL DALAM SEDIAAN OBAT KUMUR

• Main Author: Kusuma Ayuningtyas, Dhyan
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/64799
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Bacteria and fungi that grow in the mouth can cause oral infections, may include bad breath, dental caries, candidiasis, etc. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) had showed antibacterial activity against some oral bacteria on the previous studies, while strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) had also showed antibacterial activity but it is better known as a natural teeth bleaching. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectivity of both ethanol extracts as antimicrobial agent against oral bacteria and fungi in extracts combination and mouthwash form. The crude drug was extracted by reflux method using ethanol as a solvent. Both extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using microdilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. The characteristic of extracts combination was also determined using quantitative (standard antiseptic test) and qualitative method (agar diffusion method with paper tape and paper disk). The effectivity of extracts combination was also tested in various pH to adapt the proper mouthwash formulation. The mouthwash was also tested using standard antiseptic test. Microdilution method showed that roselle extract having antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC/MFC against Staphylococcus aureus were 128 and 1024 IA g/mL, Streptococcus mutans were 1024 and 2048 .1.g/mL, and Candida albicans were 5120 [rg/mL and 10240 vig/mL respectively. Strawberry extract showed antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC against Staphylococcus aureus were 800 and 12800 ug/mL, Streptococcus mutans were 1280 and 3200 iig/mL, but there was no antifungal activity towards tested fungi. Both roselle and strawberry extracts showed bactericide effect and respectively had phenol coefficient value 1.385 and 0.615. 0.36% roselle and 0.63% strawberry extracts combination (equivalent to 0.71% roselle extract or 1.25% strawberry extract) could kill bacteria in 5 minutes contact, while in the single use 1.43% roselle extract or 2.5% strawben-y extract was needed to kill bacteria in the same time contact. The determination of extracts combination showed synergistic effect quantitatively and qualitatively. 2.00% roselle extract and 3.33% strawberry extract will be used in mouthwash and antibacterial activity of extracts combination was decreasing in pH > 3.5. The mouthwash formulation consisted of roselle and strawberry ethanol extracts combination, ethanol, glycerin, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, saccharin sodium, and aquadest, bactericide effect was showed in 2 minutes contact with this mouthwash formulation.