STUDY ON THE RELIABILITY OF CAMPUS BUILDINGS AGAINST FIRE HAZARDS (CASE STUDY: TECHNICAL LABORATORY IXB BUILDING ARCHITECTURE SAPPK ITB)

• Main Author: Dyanita Mulyana Putri, Charissa
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/64826
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The campus is an essential institution for a country because it has a strategic role in supporting the progress of a nation. Because of this role, campus buildings must be protected from various threats, one of which is the danger of fire. Fires can cause damage or even destroy buildings, which are valuable assets for a campus. Fires can also disrupt teaching and learning activities and reduce the function of the campus as a higher education institution that is the backbone of producing quality human resources. Campus buildings have various activities, so each requires a different fire protection system. This building characteristic creates complexity in providing a campus building protection system from fire hazards. The data shows that the number of campus building fires is quite significant. The dominant causes of fires are electrical short circuits, electric power that exceeds capacity, and the presence of flammable materials such as chemical liquids in the laboratory. Because of its complexity, fire protection on-campus needs special attention. The fire protection system in campus buildings should meet the requirements of applicable standards. The Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) campus, one of the best universities in Indonesia, has also experienced several fires. At the same time, the oldest campus in Indonesia has a mission to produce superior human resources to make Indonesia and the world a better place. This mission can be realized if the entire building is protected from fire hazards and risks; therefore, it is necessary to develop a fire hazard mitigation strategy in campus buildings to meet the required level of reliability. The non-fulfillment of standards (national and international) for fire protection systems in campus buildings in Indonesia prompted researchers to conduct this research. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the level of reliability of campus buildings and the level of fire safety of the Engineering Laboratory Building IXB Architecture School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development (SAPPK) ITB as a case. The selection is based on a mixed-function in the building that accommodates various activities such as lectures, administration, laboratories, studios, and libraries. Researchers used prescriptive methods to analyze fire safety parameters in ITB Architecture buildings. Data were taken at the beginning of 2022. This research was carried out in two stages, namely, first, evaluating the compliance of the fire protection system and fire management of the ITB campus building against standard requirements. Prescriptive evaluation using NFPA 101A Guide on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety - Fire Safety Evaluation System (FSES) for Educational Occupancies. The assessment was carried out on the basement floor to the 6th floor using 14 NFPA 101A safety parameters. From the results of the first stage of analysis, an overview of the risk level of each floor in the Labtek IXB building and its risk factors will be obtained. Next, the room with the highest risk is selected to be analyzed in the second assessment stage. Computer simulation to find out the simulation of the spread of fire, smoke, and Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) using Pyrosim. After that, an evacuation simulation was carried out by looking at the safe time needed to Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) using Pathfinder. The simulation is carried out by using the parameters of the time required by fire and smoke to cause conditions that are dangerous for life safety. The results showed that several parameters had not been achieved from the assessment of the safety parameters of NFPA 101A. In contrast, the Pyrosim and Pathfinder simulations showed that the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) still did not meet the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). To improve building safety, it must meet the fire safety criteria according to NFPA 101A to achieve RSET < ASSETS and reduce the risk of loss of life or property loss. The results of the analysis will show the level of reliability of the building and be used as a reference for formulating a building protection strategy for the Labtek IXB Building against fire hazards.