STUDY OF CARRAGEENAN USAGE AS DYE ADSORBENT

• Main Author: Kushay, Ahmad
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/64857
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Dyes are often present in large quantities in industrial waste. Pollution of dyes in the aquatic environment can cause severe allergies, cancer, and other negative effects on living things. Many dyestuffs are also non-degradable in nature. Therefore, a method is needed to remove dyes from the environment. The reported removal of dyes from the environment is mostly carried out using ion exchange methods, degradation by microorganisms, photochemistry, chemical coagulation, membrane separation, and sorption. The sorption method is one of the commonly used methods because it is cheap, does not produce a lot of secondary waste and has high efficiency. Carrageenan is a sulfonated polysaccharide obtained by extraction from the Rhodophyceaere seaweed. This polysaccharide is hydrophilic, biodegradable, non-toxic, widely available and has the potential as a good sorbent for dye removal. In this study, a review of related literature has been carried out, and the proposed research procedure for dye adsorption with carrageenan-based adsorbents has been carried out. Several modifications of carrageenan-based adsorbents such as metal oxide nanoparticles, bentonite, graphene oxide and sodium alginate were studied based on the literature and their characterization. The characterization of carrageenan-based adsorbents was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), swelling, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and pH point of zero charge (pHpzc) to confirm the modification and determine the structure of the adsorbent. Several parameters studied can affect the adsorption performance of carrageenan-based adsorbents such as pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, initial concentration of adsorbate solution, temperature, isotherm studies, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics. The optimum pH range for carrageenan-based adsorbent is 3-12, the optimum contact time for carrageenan-based adsorbent is 30-2880 minutes. The optimum amount of adsorbent for carrageenan-based adsorbent is 0.025-2 g•L-1. The optimum initial adsorbate concentration range for carrageenan-based adsorbents is 10-2000 mg•L-1. The optimum temperature range for carrageenan-based adsorbents is 19-50 °C. The reuse of the adsorbent is influenced by the pH and the type of desorption solution. Adsorption isotherms of carrageenan-based adsorbents generally follows the Langmuir model. The kinetics of carrageenan-based adsorbents generally follows the pseudo-second-order law. For adsorption thermodynamics occurs spontaneously with increasing ?S and is endothermic or exothermic at certain temperature.