EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF OPERATING RATE AND REGENERATION LEVEL ON WATER SOFTENER AT PT.XYZ
Calcium ions (Ca2+) and magnesium ions (Mg2+) formed hardness in raw water. High concentration of hardness in raw water affected scales in boiler tubes. The ion exchange is used to soften hard water. After a particular time, the effluent contained hardness > 1 mg/l CaCO3. This study aims to analy...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Theses |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/64946 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | Calcium ions (Ca2+) and magnesium ions (Mg2+) formed hardness in raw water. High concentration of hardness in raw water affected scales in boiler tubes. The ion exchange is used to soften hard water. After a particular time, the effluent contained hardness > 1 mg/l CaCO3. This study aims to analyze the performance of the adsorption column using the breakthrough curve to compare the ratio of Ct/C0 to the volume of effluent.
This study analyzed hardness adsorption with a continuous raw water flow (6, 9, 12 m3/h) and other % NaCl (8,10, 12 %) into an 800 mm height column adsorption by Dowex Marathon C with 12 days of running time. The results are that the hardness concentration of influent and effluent are used to calculate the adsorption capacity of Dowex Marathon C resin.
Results showed that the minimum breakpoint was 168 m3 at a flow rate of 12 m3/h. The maximum breakpoint was 210 m3 at a flow rate of 6 m3/h, and the standard flow rate of 9 m3/h resulted in the breakpoint at 189 m3. The adsorption capacity of Dowex Marathon C resin ranges between 200-585 mg/g. The data from XYZ in Japan claimed the adsorption capacity of Dowex Marathon C resins is 354,1 mg/g for a fixed flow rate of 9 m3/h and a fixed inlet concentration of 60 mg/L CaCO3. This study showed that the optimum % NaCl was 10 % with breakpoint time after three days of running time. In this study, the percent removal hardness amounted to 98-99,6 % after the regeneration process.
The experimental results fit the Thomas model mentioned above with percent of the error (% E) < 20 % for different flowrates and other % NaCl. This result showed that the Thomas model could be used as a predictive model to analyze the dynamic flow rates and inlet concentration in the water softening process.
|
|---|