ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION FROM CLOVE BUD AND LEAF (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) USING STEAM DISTILLATION METHOD WITH SOLID STATE FERMENTATION PRETREATMENT BY TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM IN TWO GROWTH MEDIUM
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) bud and leaf essential oil is known to have various medical benefits. Clove essential oil is stored in an oil sac covered by plant cell wall. The structure of this cell wall gives an obstacle during the clove oil extraction process. Pretreatment in the form of fermentatio...
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| Format: | Final Project |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/66075 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) bud and leaf essential oil is known to have various medical benefits. Clove essential oil is stored in an oil sac covered by plant cell wall. The structure of this cell wall gives an obstacle during the clove oil extraction process. Pretreatment in the form of fermentation by Trichoderma harzianum fungi becomes one of the solutions to reduce the extraction obstacle. This research was conducted to determine the optimal fermentation time and growth medium that could give highest clove essential oil yield. Fermentation by T. harzianum was carried out for 9 days using two kinds of solid substrate, namely clove bud and leaf, with two kinds of growth medium, namely Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). Clove essential oil was extracted using steam distillation method for 5 hours. Yield of clove bud and leaf essential oil which were not given pretreatment were 4,73% and 3,3%, respectively. Clove bud that was fermented for 9 days in PDB could give highest essential oil yield by up to 9,13%. The clove essential oils produced are pale yellow to light brown in color with typical spice aroma. The results of analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GS-MS) showed that eugenol is the main compound that makes up clove bud and leaf essential oil (74,83-94,52%). These clove essential oils were proven to have strong antimicrobial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Zone of inhibition of clove essential oils towards S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were in the range of 14,25-26,25 mm and 14-19 mm, respectively. |
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