ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION FROM CLOVE BUD AND LEAF (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) USING HYDRODISTILLATION METHOD WITH SOLID STATE FERMENTATION PRETREATMENT BY TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM IN TWO GROWTH MEDIUM

• Main Author: Afifah Amini, Salfa
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/66079
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum) is an essential oil that widely used and becomes one of the high quality products from Indonesia. Due to its presence that isolated by lignocellulosic components in clove biomass, usually, the essential oil yield tends to be low. Pre-treatment through fermentation by microbes can be an alternative solution. Microbes produce lignocellulosic enzymes to break down lignocellulose, thereby the optimum clove oil yield will be obtained. This research was conducted to determine the optimal nutrition medium and fermentation time by Trichoderma harzianum in order to produce the highest essential oil yield from clove bud and clove leaf by hydrodistillation extraction method. Fermentation was carried out for 3, 6, and 9 days with nutrition medium variations of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). The yield of clove bud and leaf oil without fermentation were 6,26% and 5,57%, respectively. Fermentation increases the yield of clove bud oil to 13,25% with 6 days of fermentation on PDA medium. Clove bud and leaf oil are pale yellow to light brown in color with aroma of eugenol compounds, and density range at 0,790–1,085 g/mL and 0,890–1,087 g/mL, respectively. Clove buds oil contains main compounds such as eugenol (86,51-97,15%) and caryophyllene (2,01-2,93%), while clove leaves oil contains eugenol (77,62-82,91%), caryophyllene (12,58-15,44%), caryophyllene oxide (1,83-4,29%), and humulene (1,67-2,03%). Clove oil has antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition in range of 0,70-2,20 cm for S. aureus and 0,65-1,35 cm for P. aeruginosa.