POTENTIAL USE OF BIOSURFACTANTS IN TOOTHPASTE FORMULATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE USE OF SYNTHETIC SURFACTANTS

• Main Author: Panji Dewantara, Kukuh
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/66845
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Toothpaste is one of the oral hygiene products used to maintain dental health and aesthetics. The surfactant and abrasive content that is owned can help clean food residue and plaque formed due to bacterial activity. However, long-term use of surfactants can have negative effects on the body. Biosurfactant is thought to be an alternative, because of its advantages, namely biodegradable, environmentally friendly, renewable, and has low toxicity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the use of biosurfactants on toothpaste formulations through physical and chemical quality tests of toothpaste, toothpaste anti-adhesion tests, and biosurfactant toxicity tests. Biosurfactant production uses two types of biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolates, namely isolate F7 (Bacillus clausii) and isolate 16 (Bacillus licheniformis). Screening was done by looking at the inhibition ability of the attachment of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 bacteria. Growth and production analyzes were carried out on selected biosurfactants. Toothpaste is made in 2 formulations, namely paste 1 (surfactant) and paste 2 (biosurfactant). Toothpaste quality test was carried out on the parameters of pH value, spreadability, foaming activity, ability to clean stains, and anti-adhesion activity against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Toxicity test was carried out using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) by looking at the mortality percentage of Artemia salina (Leach) and determined LC50 using the regression formula. According to the screening results, the biosurfactant isolate F7 was selected with the percentage inhibition of attachment of Streptococcus mutans reaching 83,46% at a concentration of 1.000 ppm. In the analysis of biosurfactant production data obtained growth rate of 0,078 / hour and the optimum incubation time, which is 48 hours with a dry weight of 610 mg/L. The pH value of the two toothpastes was in the range of 11,35 – 11,49. The spreading power of the two toothpastes is in the range of 3,5 – 4,25 cm. The foaming activity of the two toothpastes was in the range of 16,25 – 51,25%. Both toothpastes have the ability to clean mixed stains, chocolate, tea and coffee as well as anti-adhesion ability against Streptococcus mutans bacteria with a percentage range of 67,13 – 69,88 %. According to the LC50 calculation results, biosurfactants have lower toxicity (LC50 = 986,23 ppm) compared to synthetic surfactants (LC50 = 1,95 ppm). The results of this study indicate that biosurfactants have the potential to be used as an alternative to the use of synthetic surfactants in toothpaste formulations.