MODULATION OF BACTERIAL COMMUNITY PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF WHITE SHRIMP (LITOPENAUS VANNAMEI) THROUGH SYNBIOTIC FEED SUPLEMENTATION IN CLOSED AQUACULTURE AS ALTERNATIVE BIOCONTROL OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTIC INFECTION

• Main Author: Dendy Pratama, Made
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/67115
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

One of the food production sectors with the fastest industrial growth in the world is the aquaculture industry, with shrimp as one of the main aquaculture commodities. White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has a high productivity level of more than 13,600 kg/ha. However, the aquaculture industry, especially shrimp farming, still has several disease problems that can reduce aquaculture productivity caused by pathogenic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mode of action of synbiotic feed supplementation consisting of Kappaphycus alvarezii, Spirulina sp., Halomonas alkaliphila and Bacillus cereus with the application of a closed aquaculture system Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) on the growth, survival, and physiological profile of the intestinal bacterial community, and histopathological profile of L. vannamei after challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. There are four stages carried out in this study: (1) production of synbiotic feed and installation of the RAS system; (2) evaluation of the performance of synbiotic feed on growth parameters at the L. vannamei rearing stage for 150 days; (3) analysis of the physiological profile of the intestinal bacterial community using Biolog EcoPlateTM, and (4) analysis of the histopathological profile of L. vannamei hepatopancreas after challenged with V. parahaemolyticus for 72 hours. Synbiotic feed production was carried out with the composition of 99.45% commercial feed, 0.375% K. alvarezii, 0.125% Spirulina sp., and H. alkaliphila 109 CFU/kg (sinbiotic H) and B. cereus 108 CFU/kg (sinbiotic B). The results of the feed evaluation showed that the synbiotic feed was able to increase the average weight of shrimp (14-16%) and shrimp survival (13-15%). The control treatment resulted in an average shrimp weight post-feed test of 16.24 ± 0.29 and a lower survival rate of 62.5% and significantly different statistically compared to the synbiotic treatment with an average shrimp weight of 18.69 ± 0.01 and a survival rate of 76. ,5% (p<0.05). In addition, the survival rate of shrimp with synbiotic treatment after challenge test with Vibrio was still higher than the control treatment. The survival of shrimp with synbiotic H was 67.0% and 63.0% with synbiotic B, significantly different from the control treatment K by 21.0% (p<0.05). L. vannamei with synbiotic treatment (B and H) produced a physiological profile of microbes using amino acid substrate groups (AWCD: 2.07 ± 0.42) including L-threonine, L-arginine, and Glycyl-L-glutamic acid. The use of carboxylic acid substrate groups (AWCD: 1.23 ± 0.67) including D-Galactonic acid-?-lactone, D-Glucosaminic acid, and -Ketobutyric acid, as well as the use of polymer substrate groups (AWCD: 2.26 ± 0 .38) of which Tween 40 and Tween 80 were significantly higher than the control treatment (AWCD: 0.64 ± 0.59), (AWCD: 1.12 ± 0.69) (p<0.05). Based on the results of histopathological analysis after the challenge test, the hepatopancreas of shrimp in the synbiotic treatment showed a lower level of tubular epithelial cell lesion (damage) by V. parahaemolyticus infection than the control treatment. In addition, the provision of synbiotic feed was able to increase the stimulus for the immune response of shrimp, which was characterized by the secretion of hemocytes that play a role in the cellular defense system in L. vannamei. From this research, it is known that synbiotic feed B and H can increase survival, growth of shrimp at the rearing stage, the effectiveness of using feed (carbon substrate), and protect the hepatopancreas of shrimp from the destructive effects of V. parahaemolyticus infection.