PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI SINBIOTIK PADA PAKAN DAN APLIKASI SISTEM AKUAKULTUR HIBRID TERTUTUP ZERO WATER DISCHARGE – RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM (ZWD- RAS) TERHADAP PROFIL FISIOLOGIS KOMUNITAS MIKROBA USUS DAN PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN UDANG PUTIH (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) PADA TAHAP PENDEDERAN

• Main Author: Abigail, Mercyana
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/67206
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Nowadays, the fishery and aquaculture sector is receiving attention from the world due to its contribution to food security and nutritional food production globally, with one of its top commodities Litopenaeus vannamei (Pasific white leg shrimp). Global aquatic food consumption has increased by an average of 3% from 1961 to 2019 annually, which affects the annual aquaculture production. Even so, as the production increases, the risk of diseases and the requirement of clean water for its production is also increasing. The closed aquaculture system, like the hybrid Zero Water Discharge- Recirculating Aquaculture System (ZWD-RAS) and synbiotic feed supplementation, can be a sustainable strategy for improving the quality and the productivity of white leg shrimp development. This study aims to determine the effect of the hybrid system ZWD-RAS, in both synbiotic feed supplements (‘HS’), and without (‘HK’), compared with the control that used a semi-batch system with synbiotic feed supplement (‘KS’) or commercial feed (‘KK’), with the performance of growth, survival, and intestinal microbial community physiological profiling of Litopenaeus vannamei in the nursery phase. This study is started by conditioning a ZWD-RAS system by adding microbes that consist of Halomonas alkaliphila, microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans, and nitrifying bacteria consortium (BioPure®). The next thing to be done is to supplement the synbiotic on commercial feed by using H. alkaphila, red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, and microalgae Spirulina platensis. During the process, the things that are done are water quality observation, adding microbes on ZWD tanks routinely, analysis of biological and water quality, and physiologic profiling of microbial communities of shrimp’s intestines using Biolog EcoPlateTM after 45 days of cultivation period. Water quality parameters during the cultivation stayed between the white leg shrimp’s tolerance, but the approximate concentration of TAN, NO2-N, and NO3-N in KS and KK is higher compared to HS and HK. The stable water quality on hybrid system treatment shows that the microbes addition to the ZWD system is functional. After 45 days of the culture period, synbiotic supplementation have significantly (p<0,05) affecting the feed conversion ratio (FCR), mean body weight (MBW), average daily growth (ADG), and total biomass of shrimp, resulting a lower FCR on HS and KS, and higher MBW, ADG, and biomass compared to HK and KK. In the meantime, the survival parameter is affected by the usage of a hybrid system, resulting in a higher survival rate on HS significantly to KK and KS (p<0,05). Physiological profiling analysis of the microbial community shows a higher metabolism activity on HS compared to other treatments, with a significant difference to KS (p<0,05). The Physiological profile of the microbial community shows an antagonistic correlation between feed factor and system. The diversity and similarity of intestinal microbiota community on HS are higher but did not have a significant difference compared to other treatments. Based on the principal component analysis, HS has a positive correlation with the usage of carbohydrate, polymer, amino, carboxylic acid and ketonic acid substrate. This indicates that adding microbes directly to water culture with a supplementation of synbiotic feed potentially increases the functional microbial community diversity in shrimp’s intestines. In conclusion, applying the hybrid system ZWD-RAS with synbiotic feed supplementation potentially increases the efficiency of feed usage that supports white leg shrimp’s growth in the nursery phase.