POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE BASED ON THE NEED FOR GREEN OPEN SPACE AND COASTAL CITY CHARACTERISTICS (CASE STUDY: COASTLINE OF MANADO CITY)

• Main Author: Rahma Sy. Wahab, Sitti
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/67523
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Coastal Cities are experiencing the threat of sea level rise due to climate change. Rising sea levels can increase the frequency and intensity of flooding in coastal areas, changes in ocean currents and loss of coastal and marine ecosystems and shrink land area. In realizing Sustainable Cities, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development or SDGs has established the provision of Green Open Space (RTH) as one of its strategies. RTH is useful to be the first security line that will reduce the speed of wave blowing when a tsunami occurs, become a retaining/preventing abrasion structure of the coastline, become a parking lot for rising seawater runoff and become a groundwater provider in the city so that seawater intrusion does not occur. The form of its application can be maximized with the concept of Green Infrastructure, namely by connecting RTH in the form of an area (hub) and RTH in the form of a path (link). This shows that RTH is very much needed in coastal cities as a form of mitigating sea level rise due to climate change. Based on Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, the provision of RTH is 30% of the area. However, fulfilling this figure has become difficult due to the increasing conversion of RTH land into built-up areas. The city of Manado, which is located on the coast, also experienced this, where most of its coastal areas functioned as trade areas, so that the availability of existing RTH in the coastal area of Manado City only reached 9% of the coastal area. In addition, RTH is not functioning properly, especially for beach safety. As a result, when there is a high sea wave, the shoreline is often hit by waves until it enters the existing shopping center. This is what prompted this research to be carried out with the aim of examining how the potential for green infrastructure development is based on the needs for green open space and characteristics of Coastal Cities. This research was conducted with a spatial approach and a mix method. Data collection is carried out through literature studies from planning documents and literature, secondary surveys or institutional surveys and primary surveys or field observations. The results showed that the coastal area of Manado City has the potential to be developed by RTH when viewed from physical characteristics and population density. Based on land cover and RTH typology, the coastal area of Manado Cityiv has the potential for RTH to be developed covering an area of 3248.43 ha or equivalent to 53% of the area. Meanwhile, in terms of RTH needs until 2040, the coastal area of Manado City requires an RTH area of 1631.72 ha or 23% of its area. The area of the coastal area of Manado City that is threatened by sea level rise is 438.52 ha, so it is necessary to add an RTH that can maximize the potential of the coastal border RTH or greenbelt. It can be said that the availability of potential RTH can meet the needs of RTH in the coastal area of Manado City until 2040 and the need for RTH as a form of mitigating the impact of climate change in this case sea level rise. Furthermore, to create a successful green infrastructure, it is necessary to pay attention to the principles of green infrastructure development in accordance with the needs and characteristics of the region. From the results obtained, there are 4 principles of green infrastructure development on the coastline of Manado City, namely (1) principles of environmental conservation; (2) connectedness; (3) integrated with gray infrastructure and (4) key to sustainable development. The results of the calculation of the potential for green infrastructure on the coast of Manado City, it can increase the RTH by 3522 ha or 58% of the area. To meet the needs of the Manado City RTH, the concept of green infrastructure has the potential to be developed on the coastline of Manado City. When compared, the Potential RTH figure has exceeded the RTH needs figure on the Coastline of Manado City. Even taking into account the potential for the development of green infrastructure that connects the green infrastructure area (hub) and line (link) can increase the availability of RTH up to 3522 ha or 58.2% of the area. In addition to increasing the quantity and quality of RTH on the coast of Manado City, this green infrastructure potential also contributes to the fulfillment of the quality of the city's RTH with a fulfillment figure of 22% of the area of Manado city RTH needs. Thus, the application of the Green Infrastructure concept can meet the needs and characteristics of the Coastal City in Manado.