THE EFFECT OF AVERRHOA BILIMBII FRUIT EXTRACT ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS DEVELOPMENT IN DIABETIC MICE

• Main Author: Oktapiani, Hesti
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Ilmu hayati ; Biologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/67560
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with hyperglycemia as its alerted condition. Chronic hyperglycemia is closely related to other metabolic disorders that can damage to various organ systems. Macrovascular disease is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus that can end human being’s life. One of the macrovascular diseases is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disorder which occurs due to a thickening called atheroma found in the tunica intima and tunica media. Oxidative stress, lipid modification, a chronic inflammation with activated NF-Kb are factors that cause atherosclerosis occur faster. One of the approaces to prevent the growth of atherosclerosis in Diabetes mellitus is an antioxidant compound which is known to inhibit the occurrence of diabetes mellitus oxidative stress thereby preventing lipid modification, suppressing the activation of NFKb and inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix which causes the thickening of tunica intima-media. Averrhoa bilimbii is a fruit with antioxidant activity. Flavonoids are one of the compounds that contained in Averrhoa bilimbii and it will drive the prevention of atherosclerosis formation. The purpose of this research was to determine the compounds and their antioxidants activities contained in Averrhoa bilimbii extract and their effects on the atherosclerosis growth in diabetic mice. Observed parameters in atherosclerosis growth are: 1) Lipid profile (HDL levels) that inhibit LDL oxidation and suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines; 2) Atherogenic Index, indicates the level of potential for atherosclerosis; 3) Concentration of NF-Kb which drives an important role in the inflammatory signaling process in atherosclerosis; 4) Thickness of tunica carotid aortic intima-media (Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT)). This research is experimental with post-test only control group design variable assessment method with 6 research groups, namely normal control group, negative control, positive control, Treatment 1 was given a dose of 50mg/KgBB Averrhoa bilimbii fruit extract, group 2 was given a dose of 250mg/KgBW, treatment 3 was given a dose of 300mg/KgBW. The results of the analysis revealed the occurrence of flavonoid compounds, tannins, saponins, phenols and terpenoids in Averrhoa bilimbii extracts that categorized as very high antioxidant with 30.90 ppm of IC50 included in properties. The results of the measurement of HDL levels showed that there was a significant increase with (Sig) < 0.05 in the group that given the extract (Dose 1, Dose 2 and Dose 3) as well as the positive control group that were given metformin between the first day and last treatment, The atherogenic index showed a significant difference with (Sig) <0.05 between the negative control group, which is 80.05 + 57.23 at the last day of the research compared to other research groups where the index atherogenicity in the negative control group increased while the study group others tend to decrease. ELISA method was carried out to measure the concentration of NF-Kb mouse blood serum. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of NF-Kb at positive control group and all treatment groups (Dose 1, Dose 2 and Dose 3) with (Sig) <0.05. While in the negative control group and the normal control showed an increase in the concentration of NF-Kb with 50.96 ng/ml to 98.64 ng/ml for the negative control group and 51.15 + 8.40 to 58.68 + 11.4 for the normal control group. The thickness of the tunica intima-media layer of the control group negative is greater than the other research groups with value equals to 37.76 m + 3.85, due to the results of Post Hoc Test, it showed significant differences value with (Sig) <0.05 between the negative control group and all study groups. Based on this research, it can be said that the methanol extracts of Averrhoa bilimbii have antioxidant activities that can affect the growth of atherosclerosis by increasing HDL levels, decreasing NF-Kb levels and thickness of the tunica-intima media carotid aorta in diabetic mice.