POTENTIAL OF BIOSURFACTANT IN ANTI-ACNE SKIN CARE FORMULATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS

• Main Author: Puspawardhani, Khairunnisa
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/67713
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases in the world, with the highest prevalence in adolescents aged 12-24 years. One of the factors playing a major role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is the bacteria Cutibacterium acnes. Even though it tends to be harmless, acne vulgaris is known to cause depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem on its patients. The correct anti-acne formulation is key for the treatment of acne vulgaris. This study aims to determine the potential of biosurfactant in anti-acne skin care formulations, either as a sole ingredient or in combinations with active ingredients such as zinc oxide and salicylic acid. First, the screening process of biosurfactant produced by two bacterial isolates, F7 and 16 (Bacillus clausii and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively), was carried out. The screening was done through assessing biosurfactant F7 and 16 regarding their antimicrobial activity against Cutibacterium acnes in varying concentrations (450 ppm; 225 ppm; 112,5 ppm; 56,25 ppm; 28,125 ppm) and the result demonstrated that biosurfactant F7 showed higher bacterial growth inhibition percentage overall. To acquire the optimal anti-acne formulation, response surface methodology combined with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was developed. Using BBD, an experimental design involving three independent variables with varying concentration, namely zinc oxide 0-2% (w/v), salicylic acid 0-2% (w/v), and biosurfactant F7 25-200 ppm, with the response being the diameter of the inhibition zone of C. acnes growth, was obtained. The result indicated a synergistic effect between biosurfactant and salicylic acid. The highest diameter of the zone of inhibition was obtained from the formulation involving 2% ZnO, 2% salicylic acid, and 112,5 ppm biosurfactant F7. Using the experimental design, a theoretical model that is able to predict the diameter of the zone of inhibition of C. acnes growth by formulations containing biosurfactant F7, salicylic acid, and ZnO was formulated. Using response optimizer, the optimal conditions were obtained as the following concentrations: 2% ZnO, 2% salicylic acid, and 146,9 ppm biosurfactant F7. To validate the model acquired through BBD, antimicrobial assay using the formulation under optimal conditions was carried out in the laboratorium. The result showed that the experimental zone of inhibition, which is 21,25 ± 0,5 mm, agreed well with the predicted value, which is 21,36 mm. Therefore, it is concluded that the model is reliable in predicting the response. The results of this study demonstrates the potential of biosurfactant F7 as one of the ingredients in the anti-acne skin care formulation designed to treat acne vulgaris.