POTENSI BIOSURFAKTAN ISOLAT BAKTERI KODE 16 DARI RESERVOIR MINYAK BUMI SEBAGAI AGEN BIOREMEDIASI TANAH TERCEMAR LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL (PB)

• Main Author: Felix Kristyanto, Joshua
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/67776
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Heavy metal lead (Pb) is toxic to humans and plants in small concentrations, so an effort is needed to remediate heavy metals contaminated soil. Soil washing is one of the ex situ soil remediation methods, requiring a washing solution that can be in the form of biosurfactants. Bacteria isolate code 16 which isolated from petroleum wells has the ability to produce biosurfactants. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration and pH of biosurfactants and duration of soil washing to remove heavy metal Pb from the soil, as well as determine its effect on soil microbes in the form of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. The research begins with the production and characterization of the resulting biosurfactants. The soil was made contaminated with heavy metal Pb with a soil Pb concentration of 300 mg/kg and observed its effect on soil microbes. The test of the effect of biosurfactant concentration was carried out with concentrations of 0.25x CMC (critical micelle concentration), 0.5x CMC, 1x CMC, 5x CMC, and 10x CMC at pH 7 and a duration of 24 hours. The test of the effect of pH on biosurfactants with pH 5, 7, 9, and 12 was carried out at a concentration of 5x CMC and a duration of 24 hours. The test of the effect of soil washing duration with a duration of 0 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours was carried out at a concentration of 5x CMC and pH 9. The results of production and characterization of biosurfactants showed the highest dry weight yield of 0.79±0.08 g/L, The emulsification index is 55.55%, the diameter of the oil spread assay ranges from 0-1 cm, is anionic, and has a CMC value of 0.879 g/L. After the manufacture of contaminated metal, there was an increase in the weight of Pb from 12.91±1.84 mg/kg to 247.88±57.31 mg/kg, a decrease in soil pH from 7.52±0.33 to 6.6±0 .1 and an increase in electrical conductivity from 0.093±0.02 ds/m to 0.167± ds/m. Significant decrease (P<0.05) in bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the soil compared to before being polluted. The results of the effect of biosurfactant concentration showed that 5x CMC concentration gave the highest percentage of Pb metal concentration (57,46±5,57%), and microbes monitored with high concentrations. The test results of the effect of pH biosurfactants showed that pH 9 gave the highest concentration of Pb metal concentration (72,21±2,95%) and there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in soil microbes between different pH biosurfactants. The test results of the effect of the duration of soil washing showed that the duration of 24 hours gave the highest percentage of Pb metal concentration (60,09±5,38%) and significant differences in microbial differences (P<0.05) only between the duration of 0 hours and 12, 24 hours. , and 36 hours. From the results of this study, the biosurfactant isolate code 16 was suspected as a heavy metal soil bioremediation agent.