A SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY PERSPECTIVE: THE MECHANISM OF WORK ENGAGEMENT, ACTIVE LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL ADAPTIVE PERFORMANCE IN CREATIVE INDUSTRIES (CASE OF MEDIA AND APP DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES)

• Main Author: Nandini, Widya
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/69792
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The growth of the creative industry in Indonesia has increased significantly every year. Creative industry has also contributed significantly to the national economy. One of the uniquenesses of this industry is that the resources of this industry are not limited to physical goods but are based on the ideas and creativity of humans. One of the creative industry's sub-sectors with the greatest economic benefit from this condition is the media and software industry, such as software app companies. However, until now, most previous research has focused on the context of business management related to this industry. Thus, research that examines the work and production processes in terms of human resources is still very much needed. In addition, technological developments present various challenges for these two industries. Especially in the media industry, this has led to a massive increase in information and data flows. Meanwhile, the software industry, especially application development, builds various new market demands and potentials. It is shown that both industries had unlimited product development and innovation opportunities. Moreover, the development of digital technology and the phenomenon of disruptive innovation encourage the resilience of companies in the creative industry to be agile with various changes. Additionally, the creative industries have an uncertain demand of their products. Thus, it affected on the needs of the organizations in creative industries need to be able to manage the right mix of capabilities to enhance their innovation capabilities. Therefore, the employees of creative industries must have the capabilities to solve those challenges. One of the most known constructs that beneath in individuals to maximize their innovation capabilities in the dynamic market is individual adaptive performance. Individual adaptive performance is consisted of individual’s ability on reactivity toward changes, interpersonal adaptability, creativity, training effort and handling work stress. Those abilities are also known as one of the critical factors to building a company's agility. This performance allows individuals to respond to changing market dynamics by optimizing the new market opportunities. Not only that, but also organization needs a continual skill and knowledge development to maintain their company’s innovation capabilities. Thus, to cope with those demand, one of the most known learning approaches that had a quick skill and knowledge acquisitions is the active learning. Specifically, the active learning process involves a self regulation mechanism with high effort and energy from the individuals. Consequently, it needs a critical aspect to buffering the high job demand and maintain proactive behavior. Work engagement is one of the most significant factors that buffer the job demand and maintain proactive behavior at the workplace. Thus, the main output of this research focuses on the mechanism between work engagement, active learning, and adaptive performance. Further, this research also tries to uncover the significant determinant of the mechanism between work engagement, active learning, and adaptive performance. Based on the research context, the author identified that these two industries' competitive advantage relies on an individual's ideas, knowledge, skill, and collaboration. Consequently, the learning mechanism that aligns with those objectives is a constructivist learning approach that relies on social interactions among individuals. Thus, social learning theory is one of the most significant learning paradigms that cope with that demand. Based on social learning theory, this research identified a reciprocal relationship between environmental factors (i.e., organizational support, job control), cognitive factors (i.e., growth mindset, self-efficacy), and behavioral factors (i.e., job crafting and thriving at work).This study uses a mixed method with an explanatory design. This research was conducted on one media company and two application development companies with a total of 160 survey respondents and 16 individuals at the manager level, and eight individuals at the staff level interviewees for qualitative data. The quantitative results show a significant relationship between work engagement, active learning, and adaptive performance. Meanwhile, the findings of qualitative result shows that active learning and adaptive performance are critical factors in producing product innovation following the development of existing technology following the needs and opportunities of the market at that time.In terms of determinants based on social learning theory based on the quantitative result, the author found a reciprocal relationship between behavior (i.e., thriving at work, job crafting) and environment (i.e., company support and job control). Not only that, but the author also found reciprocal relationship between self-efficacy and thriving at work behavior and a growth mindset with company support. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis, the author found two roles of the learner, namely as an active agent and a passive agent in the learning process. This study found that when individuals become active agents, they will directly have work engagement and high adaptive performance, followed by an optimal active learning process. Meanwhile, when individuals become passive agents, in encouraging individuals to have work engagement, adaptive performance, and optimal active learning processes, it needs two shifting processes. The first is the change in behavior to thriving at work caused by the company's support and low company control to encourage individuals to have a growth mindset with high self-efficacy.