PROBIOTIC EFFECT OF ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE ON THE MUCOSAL IMMUNE SYSTEM OF ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) INDUCED BY CARRAGEENAN

• Main Author: Fitri Larassagita, Annisa
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70072
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Excessive feeding without prioritizing the nutritional balance can lead to intestinal damage which is characterized by inflammation. Administration of probiotics may reduce the inflammatory response in animals by modulating the immune system. One of the potential probiotics is Aspergillus oryzae (AO). A. oryzae is a filamentous fungus that is widely used by the food industry, but research on the role of A. oryzae as a probiotic is still limited. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as an animal model to confirm the presence of anti-inflammatory activity stimulated by A. oryzae. The study used 18 adult wildtype zebrafish with 6 groups (n=3): Control (C), Positive Control (PC), Negative Control (NC), AO 10gr/kg (A10), AO 20gr/kg (A20), and AO 30gr/kg (A30). All groups were injected once with 20?L 1.5% carrageenan intraperitoneally after being anesthetized, except for group C, PBS solution was injected. Carrageenan injection aims to induce inflammation in digestive tract of zebrafish. Zebrafish were fed 2% of body weight per day according to the treatment groups, then after 10 days, zebrafish intestines were isolated for histological and molecular analysis. The results showed a significant increase in body weight in the A20 group (P<0.05). Based on the results of histological analysis, the A30 group experienced an increase in the number of goblet cells (P<0.05) while an increase in the number of villi (P?0.05) and the surface area of the intestinal villi occurred in the A20 group (P<0.05). The results of molecular analysis showed that the A. oryzae treatment group experienced a decrease in the relative mRNA expression of the tnf-?, il-1?, il-8 genes and an increase in the relative mRNA expression of the il-10 gene. Significantly, a decrease in the relative mRNA expression of the tnf- ? gene occurred in A10 (P<0.001), il-1? in A30 (P<0.001), and il-8 in A10 (P<0.05). The increase in the relative expression of il-10 gene mRNA occurred in the A. oryzae treatment group although it was not significantly different (P?0.05). Histological and molecular analysis results lead to the possibility that administration of A. oryzae can increase digestive activity and stimulate the mucosal immune system of zebrafish through increasing the number of goblet cells, increasing the number and surface area of intestinal villi also can increase the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the probiotic A. oryzae is able to increase nutrient absorption and stimulate anti-inflammatory activity in the intestinal mucosal immune system of zebrafish induced by carrageenan.