SIGNIFICANCE VALUES OF DARK HERITAGE IN DETERMINATION OF HERITAGE BASED ON STAKEHOLDER VIEW (CASE STUDY : POST-TSUNAMI NATURAL DISASTER AREA, BANDA ACEH)

• Main Author: Dyena Meutia, Zya
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Masalah dan pelayanan sosial lainnya
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70136
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

A shift towards the meaning of heritage has occurred in recent decades. The shift in the conservation paradigm has also changed from object based to subject based as well as from physical based to values based. The emergence of heritage idea concept originally aimed to preserve historical sites and buildings in the past and was only judged by materiality. Currently, in the process of determining and preserving heritage, the identification of heritage values has become a global trend, but these values still refer to values with positive characteristics. Many studies and research on heritage have been carried out, but only a few have discussed the values of heritage in unusual conditions, such as the dark events of earthquakes, tsunamis and hurricanes as well as man-made disasters like war and conflict. Heritage values still refer to historical, social, aesthetic, spiritual and scientific values that have positive characteristics. A problem occurs when determining objects of heritage if they are only determined from the values that have been valid from the experts and government point of view. Values must apply in all contexts of space and time including the consequences of dark events of natural disasters which produce new objects that have the potential to be designated as heritage. In practice, several determinations of heritage with negative character values have been carried out, such as the Hiroshima atomic bomb monument and the World War II Auschwitz Museum, but there is still little study of significance values of dark heritage as considerations for designating heritage. The aim of this study is to formulate significance values of dark heritage based on stakeholder views as a consideration for establishing heritage through a concensus process in the post-tsunami natural disaster context. Stakeholder views are important because they can identify comprehensive values. This research reinforces the need to iv identify significance values of dark heritage by finding that historical, social, emotional, physical, spiritual and scientific values with negative characteristics also deserve to be considered the same as heritage values with positive characteristics. The novelty of this study found the significance values of dark heritage which were explored through the involvement of stakeholders, especially the bottom-up view of survivors in establishing dark heritage as heritage. This study uses a constructivist paradigm with an interpretive approach that constructs the existence of dark heritage values in the views of stakeholders towards heritage objects in the post-tsunami natural disaster context. This study uses qualitative method through case study strategy with focus consideration on identifying values from the stakeholder's point of view in identifying dark heritage in the post-disaster area of Banda Aceh. This case study can represent a critical test of the theories that have been developed. Banda Aceh was chosen because it is a heritage city aged more than 800 years old and is one of the areas in Aceh Province that was affected by the tsunami with a height of up to 20 meters on December 26, 2004. In collecting data, the research uses in-depth interviews, observation of informants, field observations, and mapping of places considered as heritage that have the potential to become heritage. The research contribution provides new insights that understanding a historical area is not always viewed from values with positive characteristics, but also values with negative characteristics. The conclusions from this study are (1) values that can be considered in determining a post-tsunami natural disaster area as heritage are in the form of historical, social, emotional, physical, spiritual and scientific values with positive and negative characteristics, (2) procedures for determining dark heritage as heritage is can involve stakeholders in a consensus process and (3) this study enriches the theoretical concept of heritage planning through an approach to dark heritage values in the post-tsunami natural disaster context. The knowledge about the significance values of determining dark heritage as heritage produced in this study is different from the values that have been commonly used so far. The values that have been applied so far refer to fabric and have positive characteristics. The theoretical contribution of this research is to enrich heritage knowledge regarding the criteria for determining a building, structures and sites post-tsunami natural disaster as heritage. The practical contribution of this research is to agree on dark heritage objects, namely building, structures and sites as heritage through improvements in direct government regulations.