PENGARUH PERLAKUAN AWAL BIODEGRADASI LIGNOSELULOSA OLEH JAMUR ASPERGILLUS AWAMORI TERHADAP PEROLEHAN MINYAK ATSIRI DARI DAUN SPEARMINT (MENTHA SPICATA L.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE DISTILASI AIR

• Main Author: Nanda, Yasriza
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70274
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Essential oil of spearmint leaves (Mentha spicata) is in the trichome glands of the leave’s surface. In general, cell wall in plant is made up of lignocellulose. The lignocellulose can be degraded by hydrolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms. The degraded cell wall would facilitate the extraction of spearmint oil from the leave. This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation time using Aspergillus awamori towards the lignocellulosic content of spearmint leave, yield and composition of spearmint oil extracted using a hydrodistillation method, and to determine the diffusion rate constant using a mathematical modeling. Spearmint leaves were fermented using a spore solution of Aspergillus awamori and incubated for 0, 3, 6, and 9 days. The fermented leaves were dried and extracted using a hydrodistillation method for 4 hours. In addition, the extraction was also carried out for 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5 hours to obtain necessary data for the mathematical modelling. Composition of lignocellulose was determined using a Chesson-Datta method. The results showed that the lignocellulose content in the spearmint leaves decreased with fermentation time; 37.92% to 19.32% (cellulose); 10.67% to 7% (hemicellulose) and 31.77% to 12.24% (lignin) for 0 to 9 days of fermentation. The yield of spearmint oil extracted using the hydrodistillation method at 0 day of fermentation was 0.5% (weight / dry weight), then decreased along with fermentation time. Likewise, the GC-MS test results showed that the content of the main compound of spearmint oil particularly carvone was 77.88% at 0 day of fermentation, then it decreased along with the fermentation time. The hydrodistillation of spearmint oil was also modeled using Fick's second law, the diffusion rate constant spearmint oil was determined as 2.89 x 10-11 m2 /s.