ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE OF SUNDA STRAIT TO CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN KALIANDA BAY AND AROUND PAHAWANG ISLAND

• Main Author: Darmawan, Andika
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Ilmu hayati ; Biologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70373
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Coral reefs are marine ecosystem with the highest biodiversity. Disturbances are an important aspect in the formation of ecosystem structure and function. This research aims are to determine the effect of disturbances to coral reefs health. This research is conducted around Pahawang Island and Kalianda Bay in Sunda Strait. There are three observation stations in Pahawang with the names of Taman Nemo (TN), Cukuh Bedil (CB), and Gosong Pahawang (GP). Kalianda Bay (KL) only consist of one observation station. Disturbance characterization are conducted through visual observation, literature studies, satellite imagery, and unstructured open-ended question interview. Photo Line Intercept (PLIT) are used in benthic community observation in one, three, and five meter deep. Seawater’s physical and chemical parameters observed are DO, pH, temperature, clarity, turbidity, TSS, salinity, NH3, NO2, NO3, PO4, Pb, Cu, Cd, dan Hg concentration. Coral reefs health determined from the benthic community structure and composition. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used for coral reefs health and benthic community response clustering. There are five main disturbances in Pahawang Island and six main disturbances in Kalianda Bay. There are 68 of species in total from Pahawang Island and Kalianda Bay. There are six Acropora, 45 non-Acropora, two fire corals, eight other invertebrates, and seven algae species. KL has the highest biodiversity with 53 species, TN has the lowest biodiversity with only 15 species, CB has 18 species, and GP has 22 species. Coral reef health in CB 5 m and GP 3 m are considered good, TN and KL 1 m are considered poor, the rest of the transects are considered fair. Seawater’s physical and chemical parameters comply with the regulation standard except NO3 concentration in Pahawang Island, while PO4 and TSS in Kalianda Bay. There are four coral reefs health and benthic community response clusters based on PCA results.