DESIGN OF GOVERNANCE FOR COVID-19 PANDEMIC HANDLING IN INDONESIA

• Main Author: Cathasa R. R., Safara
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70440
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The COVID-19 virus was first reported to have appeared in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. Meanwhile, confirmed cases in Indonesia began in March 2020, which affected the stability of the country and society. As a result, various efforts to limit the spread of the virus were carried out by the Indonesian government, making policies to limit community activities, increasing hospital capacity, and implementing a free vaccination program. This policy of limiting community activities changed its name several times, namely PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions), which later changed to PPKM (Implementation of Restrictions on Community Activities). The Indonesian government provides policy assessments on the assessment dashboard on the covid19.go.id website. This dashboard includes assessing community transmission, response capacity, and vaccination levels. The community transmission level is how massive the spread of the COVID-19 virus is. Furthermore, the level of response capacity is how capable the hospital is of receiving COVID-19 sufferers. Furthermore, the level of vaccination is how much the percentage of people who have received protection from the vaccine. This assessment dashboard is updated daily. Current policy implementation tends to use a top-down rather than a bottom-up system, meaning it is less able to capture what problems are happening in society. Top-down decisions can harm society due to bias. Therefore, governance is needed so that the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic can direct policies that are more effective for the community. One method that can be used to see the impact is a dynamic system. Dynamic systems describe conditions of interdependence that are very useful for designing a policy. Dynamic system models are made from diagram sebab akibats and stock and flow diagrams. Diagram sebab akibats are used to describe the relationship between entities. Meanwhile, stock and flow diagrams are used to show mathematical relationships. The dynamic system model is validated by comparing system behavior using historical data from the COVID-19 pandemic and conducting expert interviews. Furthermore, the simulation is carried out in six test scenarios, namely the business as usual scenario, extreme / uncontrolled, policy level 1, policy level 2, policy level 3, and policy level 4. The data used for the simulation is historical data on the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia from March 2020 to November 2022. The results of the dynamic system simulation are used to map the problems that occur, what activities need to be managed, and who is involved in handling the pandemic. The results of this simulation are used as a basis for designing governance for handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This governance design refers to COSO risk management governance because it is still general and tends to be easy to understand. Limited resources during the pandemic made choosing this framework more suitable for use. The resulting governance consists of three main components, which are the scope of the problem, the stakeholders involved, and the activities being managed. The scope of problems in handling the COVID-19 pandemic consists of law, society, ethics, and technology. Furthermore, the stakeholders involved are society, industry, academia, and government, which is in line with research related to the quintuple helix innovation framework. Meanwhile, the activities managed are testing, tracing, treatment, and vaccination, which align with WHO directives. Furthermore, this governance design is expected to help the government to map policies that can be implemented throughout Indonesia. In addition, it is hoped that governance can be used as a reference if another pandemic occurs in Indonesia.