PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ROOT OF BUAS–BUAS (PREMNA SERRATIFOLIA LINN.) AND ITS APPLICATION AS A CHEMISTRY TEACHING MATERIAL IN HIGH SCHOOL

• Main Author: Dalli Alamiah Hadiati, Ajeng
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Kimia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70484
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Premna serratifolia Linn., locally known as buas-buas, is one of the 200 species of medicinal plants in the Premna genus (family Lamiaceae). This plant extract has been reported to have various benefits, including increasing cardiotonic effects, antibacterial, antirheumatic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiradical activities. In Indonesia, P. serratifolia Linn. grows a lot in the area of West Kalimantan. The phytochemical study of this plant's leaf extract showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. According to the literature, research on plant extracts of P. serratifolia Linn. in Indonesia is primarily still restricted to qualitative phytochemical tests of leaf tissue, while phytochemical studies of root tissue and their structural characterization based on spectroscopic data have never been reported. Therefore, the aims of this study were phytochemical screening and isolation of secondary metabolites from root extracts of P. serratifolia Linn., bioactivity examination of isolated compounds against murine leukemia P–388 cells, and preparation of high school chemistry teaching materials consisting of practicum modules and student worksheets. The first step in the research involved screening the phytochemicals in P. serratifolia root extract for the presence of phenolic compounds, terpenoid-steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Next, the isolation of secondary metabolites from the root extract of P. serratifolia Linn was carried out, starting with the separation and purification of the extract by various chromatographic methods, including Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and Gravity Column Chromatography (GCC). The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized based on 1D NMR spectroscopy data (1H NMR and 13C NMR), 2D NMR (HSQC and HMBC), FTIR, and UV–vis. The phytochemical screening of the root extract of P. serratifolia showed the presence of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and steroids. Three substances, comprising two diterpenoids (obtusinone A and obtusinone B) and one steroid (sitosterol), have been identified. These two diterpenoids were isolated for the first time from the roots of Indonesian Premna serratifolia, but they have been reported previously from twigs and roots of Premna obtusifolia growing in Thailand. The bioactivity of the two diterpenoids against murine leukemia P-388 cells showed that both compounds were active, with IC50 values of 0.91 and 0.28 ?g/mL, respectively. The results of phytochemical screening and chemical structure characterization based on IR spectroscopy data were then compiled into teaching materials in the form of practicum modules and worksheets for high school chemistry students. The teaching materials that have been prepared are expected to increase students' understanding of learning chemistry as a whole, which includes macroscopic representations: observations of natural materials around them and their benefits, and microscopic-symbolic representations: reactions in phytochemical screening and structural characterization based on IR spectroscopy data.