STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL AREAS AND SMALL ISLANDS BASED ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (CASE STUDY: NUSA LEMBONGAN AND NUSA CENINGAN)

• Main Author: Priyamanaya, Nyoman
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Perencanaan wilayah
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70760
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

There are various challenges faced in developing coastal areas and small islands. Compared to islands which have a relatively larger area (continental), small islands are often faced with constraints on the availability of potential land natural resources, accessibility of transportation, and the existence of infrastructure which poses greater challenges for local residents to obtain a better livelihood. The potential for natural disasters such as abrasion, sea level rise due to global warming, and tsunamis, on the other hand, also pose additional threats that haunt the stability of the population's lives. Even though there are limiting factors that cause various problems, small islands as an ecosystem, still offer various forms of services that provide various direct and indirect benefits. Many small islands actually have a variety of ecosystem types, and have developed by optimizing the potential of their ecosystem services through tourism and other economic activities. The utilization of ecosystem services by residents in the context of small islands and relatively larger islands (continents) has the potential to have different patterns. On larger islands, access to resources and ecosystem services in other areas can be pursued as long as it is supported by infrastructure that facilitates accessibility and provides low distribution costs, such as roads and other elements. So that the loss of internal resources and ecosystem services can be substituted by external resources and ecosystem services. Things are different for small islands, where people are completely dependent on internal resources and ecosystem services due to limited access and high costs of acquiring external resources and ecosystem services. This raises an indication that there is a possibility that the appreciation of the resources and ecosystem services itself is relatively higher among residents on small islands. This can be found in Nusa Lembingan and Nusa Ceningan, where as tourist destinations, coastal environmental conservation activities and agendas are consistently carried out and the urgency of sustainability and preservation of coastal areas for livelihoods is considered important. This research aims to formulate strategies for the development and management of coastal areas and small islands based on ecosystem services by taking case studies in Nusaiv Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan with three objectives, namely identification of coastal ecosystem services, identification of shifting processes in the utilization of ecosystem services as a result of the Pandemic Covid-19, and formulate strategies in responding and anticipating future conditions. This study uses qualitative methods combined with questionnaires to corroborate field findings. This research found that the coastal ecosystems of Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan produce a variety of services that have been used by residents directly and indirectly, especially to support tourism activities in pre-pandemic conditions. During the Covid-19 Pandemic, the utilization of ecosystem services shifted and led to seaweed cultivation. The process of shifting occurs quickly and with minimal obstacles caused by the condition of the coastal ecosystem that is still maintained. The conditions of Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan during the Covid-19 Pandemic were identified using SWOT, to find out the factors that act as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that can influence the formulation of strategies that can be adapted in the development and management of coastal areas and small islands so that resilience and sustainability can be achieved