ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ANDALIMAN (ZANTHOXYLUM ACANTHOPODIUM DC.) IN MICE

Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in toddlers, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia. Traditionally, people treat diarrhea using plant simplicia such as andaliman fruit. Andaliman is a wild plant that grows in North Sumatra and is...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: B E Panjaitan, Yohanes
Format: Final Project
Language:Indonesia
Online Access:https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70815
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Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung
Language: Indonesia
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Summary:Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in toddlers, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia. Traditionally, people treat diarrhea using plant simplicia such as andaliman fruit. Andaliman is a wild plant that grows in North Sumatra and is often used as a spice in cooking. This study aims to examine the antidiarrheal effect of ethanol extract of Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) in mice using oleum ricini as an inducer of diarrhea. The active compounds in andaliman fruit were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol. The antidiarrheal effect was assessed by determining the frequency of diarrhea, onset of diarrhea, weight of diarrhea and peristaltic index. Two doses of EEBA were evaluated: 200 and 400 mg/kg mice body weight. The yield of andaliman fruit extract obtained was 19.8%. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that EEBA contained tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. In the anti-diarrheal test, both doses of EEBA significantly inhibited the onset of diarrhea (p<0.01), namely 41.6 ± 9.3 minutes and 43.8 ± 7.9 minutes vs. control 19.2 ± 6.1 minute. The two EEBA doses did not affect the total stool weight. High-dose EEBA (EEBAT) significantly inhibited stool excretion (9.4 ± 2.1 times) and intestinal peristalsis (p<0.01) with a peristaltic index of 36.6 ± 8.5% vs control 66.1 ± 8, 5%. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of high doses of Andaliman fruit (400 mg/kg body weight of mice) has more potential as an anti-diarrheal compared to low doses of EEBA (200 mg/kg body weight of mice).