SOCIAL COST AND BENEFIT OF SLUM ALLEVIATION IN KAMPUNG AKUARIUM, NORTH JAKARTA

• Main Author: Efod Virant Pangkerego, Gabriel
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Perencanaan wilayah
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70865
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Slum alleviation is an important issue of urban development, especially related to the legal status of its land and buildings. One of kampong located in Jakarta which has been identified as a slum settlement on government land, and has become a public concern regarding the dynamics of its problem, is Kampung Akuarium. There has been a policy shifting of slum alleviation in Kampung Akuarium between two periods of DKI Jakarta Governor’s administration, from resettlement accompanied by eviction activities, to rejuvenation with the concept of vertical kampong. The development of Kampung Susun Akuarium (Vertical Kampong of Akuarium) was motivated by a political contract between Governor Anies Baswedan and the affected residents who chose to stay on the land. The dynamics of Kampung Akuarium has been widely researched in various contexts. However, previous researches have not disscused the impact of this vertical kampong development policy in a holistics and comprehensive manner, using both perspectives of DKI Jakarta Government and the residents. This research aims to analyze the feasibility of slum alleviation in Kampung Akuarium, not solely based on political decision making, but using a more formal analysis framework by comparing its social costs and benefits, which focuses on the impacts of the vertical kampong development. This research uses a mixed method, by first conducting qualitative research to identify the impacts of development through literature review and interviews. Furthermore, quantitative reasearch was carried out to explain and analyze the feasibility of Kampung Susun Akuarium development using social cost-benefit analysis techniques, based on the results of literature review, interviews and residents’ questionnaires. Thus, the results of this research are expected to provide theoretical uses in urban and regional planning, particularly the application of social cost-benefit analysis in the context of slum alleviation. In addition, the results can be used as input for improving the development and management interventions of Kampung Susun Akuarium in later stages, as well as for making decisions on slum alleviation policy/program in the future. Based on the analysis, the development of Kampung Susun Akuarium is carried out on government-owned land and is located in the local government sub-zone according to the Zoning Regulation, so that the DKI Jakarta Government has the authority to carry out public service activities on the land, including the development of housing and settlements. Even though it is not in accordance withiv the green open space zone in the Master Plan of Kotatua Area, the development process has followed the procedures of cultural heritage preservation. The development of Kampung Susun Akuarium resulted in various impacts which were grouped as social costs and social benefits components, both monetizable and nonmonetizable components in this research. The cost-impacts generated are primarily: construction costs and operational-maintenance costs, as well as negative implications related to land and cultural heritage preservation. Meanwhile, the benefit-impacts generated, include: strengthening social capital and community participation, improving the quality of community life and urban environment, increasing the value of land, providing security of tenure in terms of land/building rights and suitability of spatial planning, supporting the preservation of cultural heritage, as well as improving the social welfare of the community. Currently, most residents have experienced a decrease in household income due to changes in the household economy structure, employments, and economic networks after eviction. Thus, improving household livelihoods depends on the implementation or development of the vertical kampong’s economic empowerment plan in the future. By using several assumptions and calculations the occupancy period of 25 years, the result of this research indicates that the development of Kampung Susun Akuarium provides a higher social benefits value than the social costs incurred. However, this result does not yet reflect the quantification of the social costs/benefits value related to the security of tenure and cultural heritage preservation, subsidy cost incurred by DKI Jakarta Government, and also depend on the management scheme of the vertical kampong, which – at the time of data collection in this research – had not yet been established. Thus, it can be concluded that the development of Kampung Susun Akuarium is financially feasible compared to the value of social benefits generated. However, in order to achieve selfsufficiency of the residents in the management of vertical kampong, the financial capacity of community cooperative is not yet comparable to the operationalmaintenance costs that need to be borne until 2047, so it is necessary to increase the income of community cooperative’s business units at least two times higher than the current conditions.