DISPERSION ANALYSIS OF PM2,5 POLLUTANT FROM ONROAD EMISSION SOURCES IN DKI JAKARTA AS A MEDIA FOR HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

• Main Author: Dzul Khair, Tizi
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Teknik saniter dan perkotaan; teknik perlindungan lingkungan
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/70867
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Particulate matters with less than 2,5 ?m aerodynamic diameter (PM2,5) pose a threat to human health. Due to its size, PM2,5 can penetrate the lung barrier, enter the blood system and cause an adverse health effects. In the last 10 years, there has been an increasing trend of PM2,5 concentrations in DKI Jakarta. In 2019, the annual average concentration ranged from 39,9-52,5 ?g/m3 , exceeded the national (15 ?g/m3 ) and international (5 ?g/m3 ) air quality standards. According to emission inventory and receptor models studies, the main source of PM2,5 emission was onroad transport (46-67%). This study aims to provide prediction of concentrations, distribution patterns, and health risks posed by PM2,5 from on-road transport emission sources at various receptor locations within DKI Jakarta area through a source-based approach using Emissions Inventory (EI), Air Quality Modelling (AQM) and Health Risk Assessment (HRA) methods. The calculation baseline data was non-pandemic condition in 2018. The IE results showed that total PM2,5 emissions from main road category as a line source and from local road category as an area source were 2134,04 tons/year and 2484,96 tons/year respectively. The AQM used AERMOD as an air quality dispersion model with maximum emission rate scenario. The AQM results showed that the average PM2,5 concentration levels of all receptors for both 24-hour on 1st high (40,9±10,9 ?g/m3 ) and 24-hour on 95% percentile (27,3±8,2 ?g/m3 ) were in exceedance of the international standard (15 ?g/m3 ) while the annual (18,8±7,1 ?g /m3 ) was in exceedance of the national (15 ?g/m3 ) and international standards (5 ?g/m3 ). Model validation showed a good performance at AQMS GBK coordinates (FB 0,18 and RHC 0,94). The HRA results, indicated by Risk Quotient (RQ), revealed that PM2,5 caused a significant noncarcinogenic health risk to the exposed population within DKI Jakarta (RQ 7,76±2,32 for adults and RQ 10,77±3,22 for children). Additionally, the predictive cardiopulmonary disease related mortalities due to PM2,5 exposure was 1043±12 deaths/ year/ total population.