IMPORTANCE AND CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS OF GREEN TOLL ROAD BENCHMARK IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA

• Main Author: Andika Hartono, Kevin
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/71250
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Green toll road (GTR) as part of sustainable infrastructure in Indonesia has emerged through Jasa Marga and GIFI initiation programs to certify GTR on the Gempol-Pandaan toll road and Pandaan-Malang toll road. GTR implementation is needed to overcome negative impacts on environment starting from construction to operational stages, as well as improving toll road performance and user services in a sustainable manner. Toll roads construction in Indonesia will continue to increase going forward, but implementation of GTR through certification is still minimal compared to other developed countries and there is no GTR policy from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, in addition to policies regarding green roads and sustainable toll roads. Previous research has developed GTR benchmarks as GTR development standards in Indonesia which are composed of 5 aspects, 30 criteria, and 210 indicators. GTR benchmarks have not formed an assessment model and require importance priority at the level of aspects and criteria, so that their implementation is more focused and effective in achieving benefits of GTR. Toll road projects in Indonesia are important to be evaluated through the implementation of GTR benchmarks in accordance with their priorities in initiating GTR implementation. The adoption of green concept in toll road project cycle will naturally have constraints that can be perceived from the constraints of implementing GTR benchmark, especially financial constraints that are sensitive to large user fees. With urgency to encourage implementation of GTR in Indonesia, a solution is needed to overcome the constraints that hinder GTR benchmarks. Therefore, this study aims to analyze importance level of GTR aspects and criteria, implementation level of GTR indicators, as well as constraints and also recommendations for solutions to implementation of GTR benchmarks. This descriptive exploratory research is a continuation from the development of GTR benchmarks to deepen understanding the implementation and importance of GTR benchmarks, and reveal the actual constraints that occur. Importance and implementation data of GTR benchmarks are collected through a questionnaire, where the importance level will review the perspective of three main toll road stakeholders (investors, regulators, and professional communities) and the GTR implementation level will review project life cycle undertaken by investors. Then proceed with collecting data on GTR benchmark constraints through in-depth interviews with investor frameworks based on: regulatory, financial, knowledge, cultural, and technical. Data processing will combine quantitative and qualitative approaches which will be analyzed descriptively with Qualitative Comparative Analysis method. The main implementation constraints determined based on Pareto method, then proceed with analysis of solutions through PESTLE approach, and the main solution will be obtained as a research output through mapping the relationship between main constraints and solutions. The research results obtained are: (1) The importance level of GTR aspects starts from the most important aspects: Transportation and Society, Environmental Conservation, Energy and Water, Materials, and Construction Activities. Importance level for 30 GTR criterias is classified as 16.7% very important, 70% quite important, and 13.3% less important. There are quite significant differences in perspective of importances from three groups of toll roads stakeholders at the level of GTR aspects and criterias. (2) The implementation level of GTR benchmarks from 7 samples of toll road projects is categorized as quite good by having implemented an average of 77.64% of all GTR indicators. Green-certified toll roads have superior implementation of GTR benchmarks than toll roads that are not yet green-certified, so that GTR certification program is able to encourage stakeholders, especially toll road investors, to apply green criteria to project life cycle. (3)The main constraints hindering the implementation of GTR benchmarks are aimed at providing toll road facilities and implementing green programs by utilizing green specification resources (materials and technology), including: increasing toll road investment costs to become more expensive; absence of specific GTR regulations and policies from main regulators (BPJT and DJBM) and supporting regulators; as well as the absence of needs from investors and toll road construction practitioners. (4) The main solution recommended is increasing integration of toll roads stakeholders to support GTR implementation based on development of GTRspecific regulations by regulators and implementation of GTR sustainability programs by investors. Stakeholders integration needs to prioritize solving cultural and knowledge constraints to increase professionalism and competence of stakeholders in generating added value to sustainability through their respective roles within the scope of toll road management and operation.