THE ANNUAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN INDONESIAN WATERS FROM 2001 – 2020

• Main Author: Prakoso, Bintang
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Geologi, hidrologi & meteorologi
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/71269
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is a vital indicator that can maintain the stability of underwater life and the earth’s climate. This study aims to understand and examine trends as well as annual and interannual variability of SST in Indonesian waters from 2001 to 2020. The study used data from Copernicus (https://marine.copernicus.eu/) , which was SST daily data for the past 20 years, from January 2001 to December 2020. The results of verifying the Copernicus SST data with NOAA observation data at two research stations were pretty great, with a correlation value of 0.93 within the Indian Ocean and 0.83 within the Pacific Ocean. The RMSE value in the Indian Ocean was 0.29, while in the Pacific Ocean was 0.36. Likewise, the Indian Ocean had a low bias value of 0.08, while the Pacific Ocean had a bias of 0.02. SST variability in Indonesian waters was predominantly influenced by semiannual, annual, and interannual variations, in which the semiannual and annual variations occurred due to the effect of the Monsoon winds. Meanwhile, the interannual variations was caused by the effect of the ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) and the IOD phenomena (Indian Ocean Dipole). The monthly variation showed an increase in SST occurred during the MAM months, with a peak in June where the waters of North Papua had the highest SST at 30.09°C. On the other hand, SST declined during JJA months, reaching its lowest value in August. In this case, the Arafura Sea had the lowest SST at 25.83°C. Over the past 20 years, SST in Indonesian waters has experienced an increase in trends. The Halmahera and North Papua Seas experienced the highest increase in SST at 0.70°C, and the lowest increase in SST occurred in the Java Sea at 0.44°C. In general, the interannual variation of SST in Indonesian waters showed many different patterns with various anomaly values. The IOD (+) and El – Niño phenomena triggered SST values to decline in Indonesian waters. Meanwhile, the IOD (-) and La - Niña phenomena triggered an increase in SST values in Indonesian waters. The relationship between the ENSO and IOD indices for SST anomalies in Indonesian waters yielded various values at each research site, with the east Indonesian waters region having a strong correlation with the ENSO phenomenon, in contrast, the western Indonesian waters had a strong correlation with the IOD phenomenon.