NANOPRECIPITATION OF GLUTINOUS RICE FLOUR AS ALTERNATIVE FILLERS FOR DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS

• Main Author: Takarini, Veni
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/71301
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Dental impression materials are needed in clinical procedures to produce negative replicas of intraoral and extraoral tissues. These can be transferred into study models as records of oral structures and working models for dental health care design and reconstruction. Elastic impression materials are more commonly used in impressions of dental structures or convex areas of edentulous jaws because of their flexibility. Various elastic impression materials have been developed for a long time, but unfortunately these materials have limitations. Other than alginate, addition silicone materials is popular choice among elastic impression materials but are relatively difficult to obtain. The cost is quite high in the Indonesian market because all of their products are imported materials. Several studies have been carried out to overcome this problem, including modifying the use of generally inorganic in the mixture of impression materials. However, these studies still have limitations because inorganic materials still need to be wary of the possibility of respiratory system disorders. This condition initiates the use of glutinous rice flour as the main source of organic filler material, which is safer and is Indonesia's natural potential to be used as a mixture of dental impression materials. The choice of glutinous rice flour as a filler material is due to its small grain size, and its morphology can change to nano size, which will be useful in viscosity for the impression, especially in thin areas of tooth structure, and is expected to improve the properties of the impression material. This research aims to produce an alternative filler material based on glutinous rice flour nanoprecipitation, which can be applied as a standard and safe impression material in dentistry. The research method was carried out in stages. The first stage was carried out by the precipitation method using the addition of an organic phase to the aqueous phase compared to the precipitation method using the addition of aqueous phase to the organic phase or referred to as the instant precipitation method. In the second stage, using different centrifugation speeds, the instant precipitation method was carried out by dissolving sodium hydroxide with and without using two different technical surfactants (Span 80 and Tween 80). Furthermore, in the third stage, the instant precipitation method was carried out using sodium hydroxide as a solvent with and without using Tween 80 surfactant pro analysis and comparing centrifugation rates. In the fourth stage, it was continued optimization to obtain nano-sized fillers, which were carried out by the instant precipitation method with sodium hydroxide solvent with and without the use of Tween 80 pro analysis surfactant using different centrifugation speeds, all of which had been thoroughly washed and then compared with the control sample in the form of untreated glutinous rice flour. The resulting samples were confirmed by characterization with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Then the resulting morphology was described through a chemical structure model and a cell viability test was carried out, which determined the non-toxic category as an initial biocompatibility test. The fifth stage is using the resulting filler as alternative filler material, which is then replicated and used in applying alternative dental impression materials by quoting details according to specifications. The results of research using the instant precipitation method are more effective in reducing particle size and can produce rod morphology of nano size (73,26-99,34 nm) in the synthesis of alternative fillers based on glutinous rice flour, both with and without using surfactants, and by optimizing the use of solvents under alkaline conditions with sodium hydroxide. Alternative fillers based on glutinous rice flour produce mild changes in functional groups and a lower percentage of crystallinity and gelatinization temperature. In addition, this synthetic filler is included in the non-toxic category through viability test results (73,54-99,58%), so that it can be applied safely as a component of elastic dental impression materials. The mixture of elastic dental impression materials was carried out using the components of bovine gelatin, glutinous rice flour, xanthan gum, food-grade sodium tripolyphosphate, and gypsum and the addition of nano-sized alternative fillers based on glutinous rice flour. The nanofiller used is the result of synthesis with sodium hydroxide solvent at a centrifugation speed of 3000 rpm without surfactants. This glutinous rice flour-based impression material mixture has been successfully applied by reproducing details according to standard specifications, especially in the addition of a 15% nanofillers with a setting time of 6 minutes, which meets the time range for manipulation/handling of dental impression materials. The research concludes that alternative fillers based on glutinous rice flour nanomaterials have been successfully synthesized using sodium hydroxide solvent and full washing and are non-toxic. Mixtures with other components can reproduce details according to specifications that potentially can be applied as elastic dental impression materials.