EVALUATION OF SYNBIOTIC TECHNOLOGY MECHANISM OF ACTION IN MODULATING GROWTH AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF WHITE SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) TO VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS INFECTION USING METAGENOMIC APPROACH

• Main Author: Joey Maynardo Murtala, Juan
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/71473
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the main aquaculture commodities with the highest productivity value. In the production process, diseases are often encountered, one of which is Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) which can be caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study aims to determine the mode of action of synbiotics consisting of prebiotic red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, Spirulina sp., and probiotics Bacillus cereus, and Halomonas alkaliphila in increasing the growth and immunity of white shrimp using a metagenomic approach. In this study, a synbiotic feed performance test was carried out with a commercial feed composition containing 0.375% K. Alvarezii and 0.125% Spirulina sp., with the probiotics being compared were H. Alkaliphila with cells density of 109 CFU/kg (sinbiotic H) and B. cereus with cells density of 108 CFU/ kg (synbiotic B), compared to commercial feed alone, for white shrimp in closed aquaculture system Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) for 149 days. Then a challenge test was carried out on V. parahaemolyticus bacteria for 72 hours. Furthermore, an analysis of biological parameters and water quality parameters were performed, and analysis of the microbial community of white shrimp hepatopancreas and intestine was carried out using the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) metagenomic. The feed performance test results showed that the synbiotic H and B treatments had significantly more optimal parameters of average daily growth, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival, total biomass, productivity, final mass and final length compared to controls. The results of the challenge test on V. parahaemolyticus showed that the survival of synbiotic H (67.00 ± 7.22%) and synbiotic B (63.00 ± 12.50%) was significantly higher than the control (21.00 ± 7.22%). The results of the metagenomic analysis showed that synbiotic feeding could reduce the relative abundance of bacteria that were thought to be harmful to white shrimp. Based on alpha diversity analysis, synbiotic H treatment can increase richness after challenge test. The overall synbiotic B and H synbiotic treatments had higher diversity and stability indices than the control. In addition, synbiotic B treatment can increase the dominance of microbes that are suspected to be indigenous after a challenge test, the unclassified genus from Planococcaceae family in the hepatopancreas and Rhizorhapis genus in the intestine. Based on beta diversity analysis, overall the synbiotic microbial community synbiotic B- synbiotic H has a higher similarity compared to control- synbiotic B or control-synbiotic H. This study shows that synbiotic feeding has a mechanism of action that can modify the microbial community thereby increasing growth and immune response of white shrimp.