PRODUCTION OF BACTERIAL NANOCELLULOSE FROM PINEAPPLE PEEL

• Main Author: Besty Asthary, Prima
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/71626
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a biopolymer material in the form of pure cellulose synthesized by microbes such as acetic acid bacteria. BNC has unique characteristics, including good porosity and air absorption, fiber diameter of 20- 100 nm, high crystallinity, easy to degrade, non-toxic, and non-allergenic. These characteristics make BNC ideal as a bioproduct with high added value. The challenge in the production of BNC in industry is production costs which tend to be high caused by medium-cost components. The use of pineapple peel extract for SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast) growth media has the opportunity to overcome these challenges. Pineapple peel which is a fruit waste has the advantage of being used as a fermentation medium because it is abundantly available, relatively inexpensive, and contains sugar as a carbon source for BNCproducing microorganisms. This research was conducted to determine the concentration of pineapple peel extract and sugar concentration for BNC production and to determine the characteristics of BNC obtained from the production of optimum pineapple peel extract and sugar concentration. The stages of the research included preparation of medium and inoculum, multiplication of inoculum, gradual adaptation, optimization, production of BNC at the optimum concentration of pineapple peel extract and sugar concentration, and analysis. The adaptation of SCOBY to pineapple peel medium was carried out by gradually increasing the proportion of pineapple peel medium (80%v/v), ie 25% v/v to black tea medium, every 7 days. Inoculum adapted to pineapple peel medium was used for optimization. Optimization of pineapple peel extract concentrations (20; 40; 60; 80 % v/v) and sugar concentrations (10; 40; 70; 100; 130 g/L) was carried out based on BNC weight analysis, pH (pH meter), sugar concentration (High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and titrated total acid concentration (titration method and High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC), then BNC production was carried out at the optimum concentration of pineapple peel extract and sugar concentration. The resulting BNCs were further characterized, including morphological and compositional analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), crystallinity analysis using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and functional group analysis using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The entire fermentation process for BNC production used 3% w/v SCOBY inoculum and 10% v/v liquid (kombucha liquid) inoculum and was carried out without agitation at temperature of 30oC with an initial pH medium of 5 for 7 days. The results showed that the optimization of the concentration of pineapple peel extract 80% v/v at a sugar concentration of 100 g /L produced the best yield and production rate of BNC, namely 171.15?16.76 g/L and 24.45?2.39 g/L.day, respectively. Optimization of the concentration of sugar at a concentration of pineapple peel extract 80% v/v resulted in the best yield and production rate of BNC, namely 57.80 ± 22.25 g/L and 8.26 ± 3.18 g/L.day, respectively. The pineapple peel extract concentration of 80% v/v and sugar concentration of 40 g/L was the optimum concentrations for BNC production without agitation (the medium initial pH of 5; SCOBY of 3% w/v and liquid inoculum of 10 % v/v for 7 days at 30oC). The yield and rate of the BNC formation produced were 38.05?6.72 g/L and 5.44?0.96 g/L.day. The characteristics of the BNC obtained included a sheet-like shape which has a porous cellulose fiber network structure with an average fiber diameter of 112 ± 34 nm. BNC has typical functional groups typical of cellulose and a degree of crystallinity of 55.88%.