#TITLE_ALTERNATIVE#

• Main Author: Soewandi J.S., Ami
• Format: Dissertations
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/7171
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract :<br /><br /> The leaf of Cassia siamea, Lamk. is not widely known as anti-diabetic drug, however, previous experiments carried out in our laboratory showed sufficient<br /><br /> hypoglycaemic activity. Crude extracts from the leaves showed significant effect on rabbits at 40% concentration (w/v) in a dose of 5 ml/kg body weight, whereas no hypoglycaemic activity was observed below 40% concentration. It seemed that the active component of the leaves is sparingly soluble in water.<br /><br /> In further experiments, pale yellow needle-like crystals have been isolated from the chloroform extract. This compound, m.p. 150 C (decomposed), appeared to be unstable in the atmosphere. Thin layer and high pressure liquid chromatographic analyses showed that the compound is homogeneous.<br /><br /> Elemental analysis showed the absence of nitrogen. Its infrared spectrum showed the presence of OH group (3400 cm-1), carbonyl (1665 cm-1) and aromatic ring (1625,1580,1505 and 1460 cm-1). Further, the following absorption characteristics were shown in the UV region :X et-0H max. = 209, 241, 249 and, 38o nm. The shift of ultraviolet spectral peaks to a longer wavelength after adding NaOH showed the presence, of a phenolic hydroxyl group. The mass spectrogram showed a molecular weight of 240 and therefore the molecular formula of C10Hi306 for the compound was proposed.<br /><br /> With bromine, the isolated compound gave yellow crystals, m.p. 185 C (decomposed), which were more stable than its parent compound. It appeared that a monobromosubstitution occured without any change in the position of chromophoric groups of the parent compound.<br /><br /> Further examination indicated that the compound showed a remarkable hypoglycaemic effect after oral administration to fasting as well as to glucose fed rabbits. Hypoglycaemic activity of the compound in a dose of 20 mg/ kg body weight on fasting rabbits was ca. 60% as compared with that of tolbutamide in a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight. In glucose tolerance tests the isolated compound in a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight showed a hypoglycaemic effect of ca. 22% of tolbutamide in a dose of 250 mg / kg body weight. The hypoglycaemic activity increases with the increase in dose.<br /><br /> The isolated compound as well as tolbutamide showed no effect on severe alloxan diabetic animals. It was concluded so far that the compound only affected animals having intact pancreatic beta-cells like in the case of tolbutamide.<br /><br /> The glucose uptake experiments using isolated normal as well as alloxan diabetic rats diaphragm were done according to the method of Krahl and Cori. The glucose uptake were inhibited by the isolated compound, while insulin increased the absorption. It showed that the mode of action of the compound was not identical with that of insulin. Insulin stimulates glucose uptake into cells so that this sugar can undergo glycolysis or can be stored as glycogen.<br /><br /> Further experiments showed that the isolated compound did not have an antibiotic effect on Aspergillus niger as well as on Escherichia coli.<br /><br /> By injecting the isolated compound in mice in a dose<br /><br /> of 240 mg/ kg body weight, it did not show any toxic effect. However, a concentration of 1 mg/ml was able to inhibit glucose absorption by the rats intestine in situ. No disturbance in absorption was observed by the isolated compound at a concentration of 0,4 mg/ ml.<br /><br /> Microscopic examination of the leaves revealed that the occurence of fragments of spur shaped leaf-hair single cell and polygonal calcium oxalate crystals can be used for the identification of the Cassia siamea leaves. Further, it must be noted that the presence of hairs on the upper surface of the leaf has never been described before in the literature.<br />