STRATEGY OF QUOTA AND ZONATION BASED CAPTURE FISHERIES POLICY IN INDONESIA

• Main Author: Wahyu Trenggono, Sakti
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/72714
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

As a maritime country with abundant marine biodiversity and ecosystems, Indonesia can utilize its natural resources as one of the basic assets that could be managed optimally and sustainably to improve the welfare and prosperity of its people. The sustainable potential of Indonesia's marine capture fishery production, which is around 12.1 million tons, is distributed in national waters and the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (IEEZ), as well as opportunities to utilize fishery resources in open seas. However, Indonesia’s fisheries management has complex issues and requires effective and sustainable management actions. The government strives to maintain the sustainability of its fishery resources to provide optimal economic and social benefits for fishermen and fishery business actors, while still preserving their ecological benefits. Indonesia's capture fisheries management is based on controlling fishing permits (input control) and has never applied catch limits and quota setting (output control). The vessel-based fisheries management policy that has been implemented is considered less effective and encourages the creation of a "race to fish" mentality, where fishermen compete to catch as many fish as possible by increasing the size of their vessels, adding more crew members, or exploring more fishing locations, ultimately threatening the sustainability of the fishery resources. This study aims to formulate a quota-based fisheries management strategy, or Penangkapan Ikan Terukur (PIT) throughout Indonesian waters. The meaning of terukur (measured) is defined as controlled, so PIT based on quotas is defined as controlled capture fisheries management, based on output control where the amount of fish caught should not exceed the allowed catch limit. The benefits of this research are to provide strategy of the quota-based fishing policy to be implemented by the government. The study will examine the current policy position based on literature reviews and draft laws being prepared to create an implementation strategy, identify the need for regulatory and institutional support that needs to be added, as well as the benefits obtained in policy implementation. The research method involves interviews or collecting secondary data with key informants such as state officials in bilateral visits related to the fisheries and marine sector and officials in the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. In addition, stakeholders who have knowledge in the process of drafting regulations will be consulted to explore deeper information that is not written in the regulations. The analysis is carried out on the management of fish capture based on quotas and zones, which is based on implementation strategies, regulatory and institutional needs, obstacles, and negative conditions that can affect the implementation of quota-based fisheries management in Indonesia. The research findings show that the implementation of Indonesia Quota-Based Fisheries Management (PIT) can become a sustainable fisheries management model that replaces the license-based (input control) management model. The study also suggested eight strategies that can be applied to support the PIT program, including the determination of catch quotas in each zone, support for fishery port facilities and infrastructure, the implementation of a data system with information technology, human resource development, value-added enhancement and access to fishery markets, local fisherman empowerment, satellite, spatial, and IOT-based integrated monitoring, and the provision of regulations for Indonesia quota-based fisheries management. The implementation of PIT based on quotas and zones can provide sustainable economic benefits because fish stocks are maintained and ocean health is preserved, businesses can determine the optimum number of vessels to achieve maximum profit, regional economic equalization occurs (landing ports are adjusted to fishing areas), catch data accuracy, optimization of the industry at landing ports, building long-term investment return certainty, as well as high non-taxable (PNBP) revenue.