UTILIZATION OF HABITAT TYPE BY THREE SPECIES OF EAGLE IN PANARUBAN AREA, TANGKUBAN PERAHU – WEST JAVA PROVINCE

• Main Author: Widiana, Ana
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/72861
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Reduction forest area by human activities has been more increase extensively in Java Island currently. This situation could give adverse affect to the existence of various type of eagle utilize such area as their habitat. Habitat type is one of the external factors needed by eagle to keep survive and to do their daily activities. A research on proportion of utilization of various type of habitat by eagle in doing its daily activities (soaring, perching and hunting) have been conducted to recognize the eagle’s needs of habitat type in Panaruban Area–Tangkuban Parahu. The research carried out by counting the frequency of eagle occurrence and duration of its presence in each habitat type. The research started with direct observation on site to recognize eagle species which have frequently found, followed by categorized habitat type presumed as the repeatedly habitat utilized by the eagle to do its daily activities and the next step was to determine location and observation point. Observation of eagle activities used by ad-libitum method combined with scan sampling method, whilst time sampling method is quoted to acquire frequency of occurrence and duration of presence of the eagle. Around the observation area, there were found 3 species of eagle sight frequently namely: Black Eagle / Elang Hitam (Ichtinaetus malayensis), Crested Serpenteagle / Elang Ular Bido (Spilornis cheela) and Changeable Hawk-eagle / Elang Brontok (Spzaetus cirrhatus) all of them are the member of family acciptridae and recognized as permanent type. Habitat type categorized into 4 types of habitat namely natural-forest habitat type, production-forest habitat type, tea-plantation field habitat type and farming type of habitat consisting of paddy field and community field crop nearby inhabitants dwelling village. Commonly, soaring activities performed by all three types of eagle by flying over the four types of habitats. The highest frequency of occurrence of soaring activities was over the tea-plantation field habitat type, with average frequency of occurrence 51.91 %. Perching activities performed by Black eagle at the teaplantation area with the highest proportion 66.67%, follow by natural forest habitat type (16.67%) and farming area habitat type (16.67%). Crested Serpenteagle only observed performed perching activities at the tea-plantation habitat type (100%). Changeable Hawk-eagle performed perching activities at the tea plantation field habitat type with the proportion of 77.78% and at production forest as much as 22.22%. Hunting activities observed performed by Black eagle and Crested Serpent-eagle at tea plantation habitat type with the proportion as much as 100%. Changeable Hawk-eagle utilized production forest habitat type with proportion 50%, tea plantation and farming area habitat type utilized with the same proportion that is 25%. Conservation endeavors for the eagle species possibly performed at the Panaruban area by developing habitat conservation activities to obtain expected result. In situ conservation is the best method to maintain the existence of the eagle species in the natural habitat. Conservation efforts for the eagle habitat are mainly to protect breeding area (nest area) and also hunting area including the home range area. It could be provide positive impact for the existence of the eagle at such area.