SPATIAL ALLOCATION OF NATURE-BASED SOLUTION BASED ON URBAN RESILIENCE CONCEPT USING PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEMS METHOD (CASE STUDY: MAKASSAR CITY)

• Main Author: Kamaruddin, Iqbal
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Subjects: Perencanaan wilayah
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/73629
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The International Union for Conservation of Nature estimates that currently around 4.46 billion people (57% of the world's population) live in cities, and by 2050 this figure is projected to reach 6.7 billion or around 70% of the world's total population. The uncertainty brought about by climate change can pose a major threat to people's lives, especially in cities with a typology of coastal cities. Coastal cities have an important role in the development of human socio-economic systems in the process of creating big cities around the world because of their strategic location. This strategic location makes coastal cities have the highest level of urbanization compared to the characteristics of other cities. Therefore, this causes cities with a typology of coastal cities to be more at risk of disaster threats, especially floods and rising sea levels. The high conversion of land use in coastal areas is one of the main factors causing the high disaster risk. One of the alternative solutions to solve various existing problems and challenges is to adopt the concept of Urban Resilience through a nature-based solution (NbS). Nature-based solutions are believed to be able to reduce vulnerability and increase urban resilience in facing various kinds of hazards and address complex urban challenges simultaneously so that cities can be more resilient to existing disaster threats. One of the coastal cities that is prone to flooding and sea level rise in South Sulawesi Province is Makassar City. As the provincial capital, Makassar City has experienced rapid growth as the center of provincial government, economy, trade and other activities. This is what triggers the high rate of urbanization which on the one hand has a negative impact on the environment. The coastal area of Makassar City, besides having problems with flooding and sea level rise, also has other issues related to environmental degradation. Creating a resilient city (urban resilience) with a nature-based solution approach is urgently needed because the threat of a disaster with a large impact can threaten local communities and damage the environment. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the spatial allocation of nature-based solutions based on the concept of urban resilience using the planning support system method as an effort to create a city of Makassar that is resilient to various kinds of disasters. This research generally uses a mixed - methods research (MMR) approach that triangulates quantitative and qualitative approaches. In this study, the data collection process was carried out on a primary and secondary basis. Primary data collection was carried out through observation and interviews, while secondary data collection was carried out throughiv comprehensive literature observations. The analytical methods used in this study include process hierarchy analysis (AHP), content analysis, spatial intersect overlay analysis and fishnet grid analysis. The results of this study indicate that the priority social challenge factors to be addressed in Makassar City based on its hierarchy are disaster risk reduction with a weight of 0.376 (37.6%), water security with a weight of 0.176 (17.6%) and climate changes with a weight of 0.165 (16 ,5%). As for the derived factors from the priority social challenges, the second iteration of AHP analysis is carried out with the following factors and their hierarchy; flooding with a weight of 0.396 (39.6%), clean water crisis with a weight of 0.228 (22.8%), sea level rise with a weight of 0.166 (16.6%), increase in urban heat temperature with a weight of 0.146 (14.6%) ) and air pollution with a weight of 0.064 (06.4%). To overcome these social challenges the authors use 17 types of green infrastructure and 6 types of natural infrastructure, including; bioswale, constructed wetland, dry pond, ecosystem planning, filter strip, green roof, green wall, hedgerow, perforated pipe, permeable pavement, rain garden and bioretention, rain harvesting, riparian buffer, soakways, tree canopy expansion, wet stormwater pond, xeriscaping , forest conservation, water harvesting, wetlands restoration or conservation, constructing wetlands, riparian buffer, mangrove restoration or conservation . Of the 23 types of NbS elements from green infrastructure and natural infrastructure, they are allocated in each planning zone code in each micro-scale suitability and priority grid cell. Based on the NbS element allocation map in the suitability and priority grid cells, there are 9 clusters of NbS planning zones which are divided into cultivation area planning zones (code B) and protected area planning zones (code L), the 9 clusters include; zone B1 housing settlements, zone B2 road network, zone B4 government commercial offices, zone B5 CBD, zone B6 new development areas, zone B7 agriculture, zone L1 riparian area, zone L2 wetlands/floods, and zone L3 coastal areas. The NbS spatial allocation location strategy for the Makassar City Spatial Plan consists of 3 strategic approaches namely, strategy of protection, enhancement, and creation of new NbS. Based on the results of the analysis, there are 8 strategies for protection, 14 strategies for enhancement and 28 strategies for creating new NBS. The NbS strategy for the Makassar City Regional Spatial Plan consists of; 8 protection strategies, 14 enhancement strategies and 28 strategies for creating new NBS spread across 8 (eight) districts. The highest percentage of NbS area (ha) based on the zoning code is the L2 code with a percentage of 40% (953.75 ha). The percentage of NbS area (ha) to the total area of Makassar City is 7.27% (2418.10 ha), which means that the NbS spatial allocation will contribute 7.27% to Makassar City's green open space. or an area of 2418.10 ha.