KARAKTERISTIK HUBUNGAN DAN TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN NELAYAN BINAAN TAUKE DAN NELAYA BEBAS DI NATUNA

• Main Author: Gina Kimars Ketaren, David
• Format: Theses
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/74496
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Indonesia is a maritime country that is still dominated by small-scale fishermen. According to Law no. 7 of 2016, fishermen are everyone whose livelihood is fishing. Owner fishermen are fishermen who own fishing vessels used in fishing business and actively catch fish (Tauke). Labor fishermen are fishermen who provide their energy and participate in the fishing business. Based on Satria, A., Sjafei, D. S., Purnomo, H., and Moeliono, M., the independence of fishermen is considered as one of the important factors in achieving sustainable fisheries management. The independence of fishermen is measured through indicators such as knowledge and skills, access to resources, participation in decision-making, and management capacity. Empowerment of Fishermen is all efforts to increase the ability of Fishermen to carry out Fisheries Businesses or Salt Businesses better. This research was conducted to identifying the independence tauke assisted fisherman and free fisherman in Natuna. The research was conducted in a descriptive qualitative manner. The data collection process was carried out through observation, interviews, focus group discussion and literature review. The data obtained was tested for the validity of the data through triangulation. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out using interactive steps following Miles and Hubberman's rules. The results showed that the categorization of fishermen in Natuna based on equipment, type of fish and length of time they sailed could be categorized into three groups. Namely bagan fishermen, fishing rods and bilis fishermen. Fishermen in Natuna have a relationship pattern that exists between fishermen and the Boss (Boss Owner). The boss here (Natuna) accommodates the fish and plays a role in the supply chain, including taking part in shipping to Jakarta. The fish sent is still in the form of frozen (non-processed) fish, but if there is a request for filleting, then the fish can also be filleted before the fish is sent (on request). The types of fish supplied include all types of fish, not just certain fish. There are two types of fisherman groups in Natuna, namely independent fisherman groups and assisted fisherman by tauke groups. The average income of fishermen in Natuna in 1 month is at least Rp 4.000.000. With this income, fishermen are able to use it to meet their daily needs. In efforts to support fishermen's operational activities in Natuna, fishermen have received assistance in the form of capital loans and ship equipment that must be returned after fishing. Both assisted fishermen and independent fishermen have different patterns of relationship between tauke and fishermen. Assisted fishermen are fishermen who are generally tied to their entrepreneurs and must sell fish to their entrepreneurs, so that assisted fishermen receive assistance with facilities such as repairing machines, rations, ice or other necessities. The types of fishermen who are free or non-assisted are fishermen who are not bound by entrepreneurs, so they are free to sell fish to anyone. However, the needs of these free fishermen are also not borne by anyone, neither ice nor other equipment. In realizing the independence of fishermen in Natuna, it is necessary to focus on aspects of fishermen's poverty level, the availability of capital, the quality of fishermen's human resources, and fishermen’s sustainability strategy. Based on the analysis of this study, it can be concluded that the two typologies have a sufficient degree of independence, especially because independent fisherman groups rely on their own capital and assisted fisherman by tauke groups who, although relying on other people's capital, can generate significant income to live above the poverty line.