OPTIMIZATION OF EXTERNAL SHADING DESIGN FOR DAYLIGHTING PERFORMANCE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CLASSROOMS WITH CLIMATE OF LHOKSEUMAWE, ACEH, INDONESIA

• Main Author: Mentari Rahayu, Mega
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/74661
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Elementary school buildings and classrooms require electrical energy for lighting, but school buildings can be designed to make optimal use of daylighting. Indonesia has a tropical climate and exposure to sunlight throughout the year, daylighting is a potential source for elementary school buildings. Unfortunately, research shows that most elementary school classrooms in Indonesia do not meet daylighting standards. The use of daylighting in classrooms can cause unwanted heat and glare effects. So, external shading is needed to reduce these negative effects. Therefore, this final research project aims to optimize the design of external shading and openings in Indonesian elementary school classrooms to meet daylighting standards. The research methodology consists of four stages, namely modeling, simulation, data processing, and optimization. The first stage is modeling, in which elementary school classroom buildings are modeled in 3D using Andrewmarsh.com software the Dynamic Daylighting section with variations in input variables such as the height of the external shading from the floor, the width of the external shading from the wall, WWR, and the orientation of the openings. Modeling in the classroom is divided into three opening direction schemes, with one opening on the north and south sides, and two openings on the north and south sides (bilateral symmetry). The variation in the height of the shade is 3-5 meters. Shade width varies 2-3 meters. WWR varied between 10% and 30%. The second stage is simulation, in which the same software is used to simulate and obtain daylighting metric values from the buildings that have been modeled. The daylighting metrics used are climate-based daylighting metrics: sDA300/50%, UDI250-750lx, dan ASE1000,250. The simulation was carried out in an elementary school classroom building with dimensions of 7m x 8m x 3.5m, during the building's operational time at 06.00-18.00 WIB. The third stage is data processing to obtain a regression model from the data that has been obtained, by previously carrying out the classical assumption test, Pearson correlation test, and multiple linear regression to evaluate the data. The final stage is optimization. Optimization is done to maximize the value of sDA300/50% and UDI250-750lx and minimize the value of ASE1000,250. Prior to optimization, data is selected based on the minimum criteria of sDA300/50%>61% and UDI250-750lx>55%. Optimization is carried out through data ranking methods and fair-weighted scoring methods to select combinations of input variables that provide optimal lighting. The results showed that the use of external shading devices reduced the ASE1000,250 value by up to 11.7%. The variable that most influences the sDA300/50% and UDI250-750lx metrics in a building scheme with one opening on the north side, one opening on the south side, and openings on both north and south sides (bilateral symmetry) is WWR. Shading height and shading width variables have a relatively low effect on the sDA300/50% and UDI250-750lx metrics for the three building schemes. For the ASE1000,250 metric, it has a relatively low correlation with all variables of shading height, shading width, and WWR. However, the highest correlation occurs between the ASE1000,250 metric and the shading width. The optimization results show that the combination of values from the input variables, namely the height of the shade, the width of the shade, and the WWR, produces the optimal sDA300/50%, UDI250-750lx, and ASE1000,250. The optimal building design conditions in this study can be concluded to be in two-sided openings with a north and south (bilateral) orientation with a shade height of 3 m, a shade width of 2.8 m, and a WWR of 30% which has a sDA300/50% value of 79.2%, UDI250-750lx of 85.3% and ASE1000,250 of 0%. For a building scheme with one opening on the north side and one opening on the south side, it does not have an optimal design because there are no sDA300/50%, UDI250-750lx, and ASE1000,250 metrics that meet the standard criteria.