ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF GOLDENBERRY (PHYSALIS PERUVIANA)-DERIVED EXOSOME-LIKE NANOPARTICLES IN MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION

• Main Author: Vanessa
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/74827
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Inflammation involves macrophage cells that can be polarized into two types based the environment condition, M1 macrophages that have proinflammatory phenotypes and M2 macrophages that have anti-inflammatory phenotypes. The imbalance of M1 and M2 proportion can cause several diseases, for example, overpopulated M1 macrophages will trigger chronic inflammation. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDEN) are nanovesicles derived from plant with characteristics similar to mammalian exosomes. PDEN possess advantages, such as good biocompatibility, able to be produced in large quantities, and a number of reported bioactivities. PDEN also contain beneficial components like protein, lipid, miRNA, and metabolites. Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) has been consumed as food and traditional medicine in society. It is also reported to have various favorable bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory. Those reported bioactivities are inseparable with the role of its metabolites. Therefore, this research aims to find out the anti-inflammatory potential of goldenberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles in macrophage polarization. RAW 264.7 was used as the macrophage model in this research. Goldenberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles were isolated from goldenberry fruits by centrifugation combined with precipitation method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 12%. Characterization using particle size analyzer (PSA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that goldenberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles were averagely 227,7 ± 37,5 nm in size and spherical-shaped. Goldenberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles were not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 until concentration 60 ?g/mL and had been successfully internalized by cells in two hours incubation period. RAW 264.7 cells were induced with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate M1 phenotype. Treatment with goldenberry-derive exosome-like nanoparticles decreased NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7, especially in concentration 40 ?g/mL. Flow cytometry showed that percentage of CD80 (M1 marker) positive cells tended to decrease after treated with goldenberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles, although not significantly. Highest upregulation of CD209 (M2 marker) positive cells was found in 20 ?g/mL goldenberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles treated cells compared to non-treated cells and other goldenberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles concentrations. These results indicate that goldenberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles have anti-inflammatory potential through the abilities to reduce M1 macrophages product and promote M1 to M2 polarization. Hence, goldenberry-derived exosome-like nanoparticles are worthy to be examined further for its application as therapeutic medicine in the future.