PRE-DESIGN OF RED LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA L. VAR CRISPA) AND BLACK NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS BLEEKER) AQUAPONICS CULTIVATION SYSTEM UTILIZING BIOBALL BIOFILTER AND AREN PALM FIBER

• Main Author: Shofiyah Ulfa, Nanda
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/74924
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

The fishery is an agricultural sub-sector that plays a very important role in the development of the national economy. Fishery resources in Indonesia are very diverse and have the potential to include fish farming. One of the fish farming techniques developed is aquaponics which is a combination of an aquaculture system and a hydroponic system in a symbiotic environment. The aquaponics system is one of the cultivation systems that developed from the integrated farming trend in Japan. Integrated agriculture is beneficial both in terms of social life and environmental sustainability, in the form of increasing the yield of healthy and fresh food sources. This integrated farming system model has started to be in demand in various countries, such as the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and including Indonesia. In recent years, many farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs in Indonesia have become interested in the potential of the aquaponic system. Its application, which is suitable for both urban and rural areas, is an opportunity for them to benefit. Aquaponics as an integrated farming system can produce more than one type of agricultural product from one system at the same time. The advantage of using an aquaponic system is that it can be applied to narrow land, does not require planting media in the form of soil, uses water more efficiently and sparingly, and does not cause a lot of waste residue in its cultivation. In addition, another advantage is the use of circulating water, producing healthy and organic products without the addition of fertilizers from outside the system. The use of an aquaponic cultivation system utilizes closed-water recycling between fish ponds and plants. Fish waste can be reused as a source of organic fertilizer or nutrient solution for plant growth. The impact of aquaponics practices provides an ecologically sustainable system. Ecologically sustainable businesses will certainly provide economic benefits in the long term. Environmental factors such as water quality, microclimate, fish stocking density, and plant spacing are needed to get the best results. Water quality such as the degree of acidity, total dissolved solids, and changing oxygen levels will affect the growth of plant and fish biomass. Water quality is often constrained by the utilization of feed nutrients, around 70-80% of feed nutrients become metabolic waste for fish farming ponds. Besides that, aquaponics has a closed circulation system that can increase the accumulation of toxic metabolites such as ammonia. Ammonia under anaerobic conditions will be toxic, interfering with the survival and growth of plants and fish in the aquaponics system. The increased accumulation of toxic metabolites in aquaponic systems can be reduced by using biofilters and clarifiers to produce good circulating water for fish and plants. The use of biofilters can function as a breeding medium for various bacteria, one of which is nitrifying bacteria which can convert ammonia into nitrite and nitrate ions. This use can reduce the amount of excess ammonia in the system into nitrate ions that can be absorbed by plants. The clarifier is used in this system with the main purpose of purifying the water that flows to the fish pond. The clarifier material used is zeolite, a material with an aluminum silicate hydrate structure commonly found in Indonesia with a pore diameter of 0.7 nm and a particle size of 0.65 nm capable of holding or filtering impurities. These two units play a role in maintaining the water content in the aquaponic system. Fish that are often used in cultivating aquaponic systems are freshwater fish. One of the freshwater fish that is popular among the public is tilapia. In addition, the tilapia fish commodity is one of the commodities that the government focuses on to fulfill the public's nutrition, and this fish is a fish commodity that is easy to cultivate and has a high survival rate. While the plants that are often used in cultivating aquaponic systems are vegetable plants. The aquaponic system used is a floating raft aquaponic system that utilizes styrofoam as a plant support. Therefore, the selection of plants used in cultivation is leaf vegetable plants which have a fairly light plant weight. The red lettuce plant is a vegetable plant with high economic and nutritional value. The results of the Biomass Production Research (TA-1) found that the use of biofilter in the form of bio balls had better growth results for red lettuce plants compared to the use of biofilter bio balls with the addition of palm fiber, while the growth of black tilapia in the use of biofilter bio balls with the addition of palm fiber had better results. better than using a biofilter in the form of a bioball. R/C ratio analysis shows that the use of a bioball biofilter with the addition of palm fiber has a better value than using a bioball biofilter alone. This is because, in addition to cultivation which has a production capacity of 718.05 kg/cycle with a total of 4308.29 kg/year. The production of black tilapia takes 120 days (3 months) for one cultivation cycle until the biomass can be harvested. The inputs needed for black tilapia production are circulating water, tilapia seeds, and highly nutritious feed with a biomass production capacity of 694.22 kg/cycle for a total of 2082.67 kg/year. The by-product, namely compost, gets input from palm fiber waste and goat manure waste with a production capacity of 390.78 kg/year. Production as a whole has a total fixed cost of Rp. 143,474,095.00 and the total variable cost in the first year is Rp. 65,396,800.00 and the second year and so on Rp. 89,579,200.00. The initial investment that needs to be issued is Rp. 492,096,000 for the construction of production facilities and infrastructure as a whole. From these calculations, the total income that will be obtained in the first year will reach Rp. 328,320,000 and the second year and so on Rp. 417,240,000.00. Analysis of the break-even point (BEP) helps in providing information to the company about how much the production safety limit is achieved by the company so that the rest can benefit from the products sold. The results of the BEP analysis, the pre-designed aquaponics system for tilapia and red lettuce aquaponics, and the manufacture of compost products will experience an advantage if more than 8513 packages of red lettuce are sold, 1892 packages of tilapia, and 171 packages of compost. When viewed from the receipt of sales proceeds, this pre-designed business will experience a profit if the sales figure is more than IDR 182,698,484.00. This pre-designed system will experience a return on investment capital as a whole in 2 years, 11 months, and 24 days after the business is started. The NPV calculation value for this pre-design is IDR 257,788,425.00 which shows a positive number and indicates that the pre-design will continue to experience profits. The BCR calculation results show a number more than one, which is equal to 1.52 which indicates that the profit value of this pre-designed system is greater than the resulting production costs. The results of the IRR calculation are 22.96% which indicates that this business has a higher IRR value than the bank credit level or OCC (Opportunity Cost of Capital) of 6%. So based on the payback period value approach, NPV, BCR, and IRR show that this pre-design is feasible to run.