EKSTRAKSI SENYAWA FENOLIK DARI KULIT JERUK KEPROK (CITRUS RETICULATA) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ASETON DENGAN PERLAKUAN AWAL FERMENTASI SUBSTRAT PADAT OLEH JAMUR ASPERGILLUS NIGER
The citrus processing industry produces waste in the form of orange peels which amount to 40-50% of the total citrus fruit, which can cause problems for the ecosystem. Therefore, proper handling steps are needed, one of which is by isolating the bioactive compounds from orange peels, namely phenolic...
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| Format: | Final Project |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Online Access: | https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/74977 |
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| Institution: | Institut Teknologi Bandung |
| Language: | Indonesia |
| Summary: | The citrus processing industry produces waste in the form of orange peels which amount to 40-50% of the total citrus fruit, which can cause problems for the ecosystem. Therefore, proper handling steps are needed, one of which is by isolating the bioactive compounds from orange peels, namely phenolics which are useful as antioxidants. To increase the yield of phenolic extracts, orange peels were pretreated with solid substrate fermentation with the fungus Aspergillus niger which can produce enzymes to degrade lignocellulosic components.This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of fermentation time on extract yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and hesperidin compound content in orange peel extract. Fermentation was carried out for 7 days with data collection of the omass weight every 24 hours and data collection for analysis of lignocellulosic content, extract yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and hesperidin compound content on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 of fermentation. Extraction was carried out by maceration method accompanied by stirring using 80% acetone. The growth of A. niger dry biomass reached its optimum on the 3rd day of fermentation with a specific growth rate of 0.002/hour. Optimum fermentation time resulted to a decrease in lignocellulosic content with hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin content of 4.72%; 10.84%; and 4.19%, respectively. Extract yield, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content reached optimum values on the 3rd day of fermentation, namely 17.20% respectively; 51.02 mg GAE/g extract, and 14,75 mg QE/g extract. The strongest antioxidant activity was found on the 3rd day of fermentation with an IC50 value of 323.94 ppm and a hesperidin content of 1.54% of the dry weight of orange peel. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed between parameters and the correlation between yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity ranged from moderately strong to very strong at a significance level of P<0.05.
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