PRE-DESIGN OR PATCHOULI OIL DISTILLATION INDUSTRY IN BOMBANA REGENCY, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI: EFFECT OF DRYING METHOD ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PATCHOULI OIL

• Main Author: Albertine, Michelle
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/75076
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is an aromatic herb that produces essential oil with high economic value known as patchouli oil. Extraction of essential oils from plants is a processing technique that continues to develop and be researched along with technological developments. The demand for patchouli oil is increasing considering its good fixative properties and cannot be replaced by any synthetic substances. This study aims to increase the yield and quality of patchouli oil by drying method at the pre-destillation stage. The addition of postharvest treatment in the form of drying makes the cell walls of the leaves easily penetrated by steam (not only to the surface), resulting in a higher yield of oil. In general, what will be carried out in this research is to determine the best drying method to produce patchouli oil with high yield and quality that meets SNI-06- 2385-2006 standards regarding patchouli oil. Variations in the drying method consist of drying in direct sunlight for 3 days with a duration of 7 hours per day, shade drying for 9 days, and mechanical drying in an oven at 40? for 21 hours. Dried patchouli stems and leaves were distilled using the steam distillation method for four hours. Tests on patchouli oil consisted of yield, color, specific gravity, acid number, solubility in 90% alcohol, and patchouli alcohol content. The results showed that the highest yield of patchouli oil was obtained from the wind-dry method for 9 days, namely 1.39% and the lowest from the control treatment (without drying), namely 0.22%. The wind-drying method for 9 days produced patchouli oil that complied with SNI-06-2385-2006 with the characteristics of a yellow oil, specific gravity of 0.956, soluble in 90% ethanol at a ratio of 1:6, and an acid number of 3.647. However, this treatment did not produce patchouli oil that met the patchouli alcohol standard set by SNI-06-2385-2006.