CHARACTERISTICS OF GMELINA WOOD (GMELINA ARBOREA ROXB.) ARTIFICIAL BOARDS WITH THE ADDITION OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE AND SODIUM SILICATE AS FIRE-RETARDANT MATERIALS

• Main Author: Nur Azzahra, Aliesha
• Format: Final Project
• Language: Indonesia
• Online Access: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/75079
• Institution: Institut Teknologi Bandung

Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) or known as Jati Putih is one of fast growing wood. The production of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and laminated veneer board (LVB) panels from gmelina wood is one form of engineered wood product development to improve the quality of solid wood. The addition of fire retardant materials is an important element that needs to be developed to improve the fire resistance properties of LVL and LVB panels. The material used in this research is diamonium phosphate (DAP) and sodium silicate (SS) with a concentration of 20% each, using two different application methods: impregnation and coating. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of 20% DAP and 20% SS solution on physical characteristics (moisture content, density, and swelling-shrinkage), mechanical characteristics (MOE, MOR, horizontal shear strength, and hardness), formaldehyde emission, delamination percentage, and combustion time on artificial board panels from gmelina wood. The test results showed for the control treatment; DAP-impregnation; SS-impregnation; DAPcoating; and SS-coating on LVL panels in order, namely physical properties [moisture content (10.94%; 12.16%; 12.59%; 11.33%; and 11.33%), density (0.51 g/cm³; 0.57 g/cm³; 0.57 g/cm³; 0.55 g/cm³; and 0.54 g/cm³), thickness swelling (3.81%; 2.82%; 3.77%; 4.25%; and 3.95%), tangential shrinkage (0.25%; 0.10%; 0.14%; 0.27%, and 0.11%), radial shrinkage (2.70%; 2.50%; 3.62%; 3.13%; and 3.35%)], mechanical properties [MOE (13646.15 N/mm²; 12171.10 N/mm²; 10319.41 N/mm²; 9762.60 N/mm²; and 10666.75 N/mm²), MOR (78.23 N/mm²; 46.35 N/mm²; 57.75 N/mm²; 55.03 N/mm²; and 51.50 N/mm²), horizontal shear strength (6.65 N/mm²; 6.69 N/mm²; 6.04 N/mm²; 5.90 N/mm²; and 7.09 N/mm²), hardness (3388.29 N/mm²; 4057.62 N/mm²; 2895.71 N/mm²; 3291.99 N/mm²; and 3918.56 N/mm²)], delamination (all treatments 0%, except SS-impregnation at 16.67% and SS-coating at 8.33%), formaldehyde emission (all treatments are classified as F**** which means the panels are safe and environmentally friendly), and combustion time (22 minutes 57 seconds; 23 minutes 52 seconds; 24 minutes 22 seconds; 25 minutes 46 seconds; and 32 minutes 3 seconds). Panel testing was based on the requirements of ASTM D-2395-69 test standard for density, BS EN 137:1993 for shrinkage, VPS PSI-19 for combustion test, and JAS:2013 for other parameters. From the test results, all parameters passed the test according to the standard, except for the percentage of delamination in panels with SS impregnation treatment.